53. Two stable allotropes of oxygen are dioxygen (O2) and ozone (03). Dioxygen is weakly attracted to strong magnetic fields (i.e. is paramagnetic), while ozone is weakly repelled by magnetic fields (i.e. is diamagnetic). Which of the following best accounts for these observations? Dioxygen is linear whereas ozone is bent. Dioxygen is nonpolar whereas ozone is polar. Dioxygen has two unpaired electrons whereas all the electrons are paired in ozone. Dioxygen has formal charges of zero on each oxygen atom, whereas ozone has nonz formal charges on some of its oxygen atoms. Ozone exhibits resonance, whereas dioxygen does not.

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States of Matter

The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates). 

Chemical Reactions and Equations

When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.