5.2 Suppose you are in a flat, matter-only universe that has a Hubble constant Ho = 68 km s-1 Mpc-1. You observe a galaxy with z = 1. How long will you have to keep observing the galaxy to see its redshift change by one part in 106? [Hint: use the result from the previous problem.]
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- If a galaxy is 9.0 Mpc away from Earth and recedes at 488 km/s, what is H, (in km/s/Mpc)? | km/s/Mpc What is the Hubble time (in yr)? | years How old (in yr) would the universe be, assuming space-time is flat and the expansion of the universe has not been accelerating? years How would acceleration change your answer? O If the expansion of the Universe has been accelerating, the Universe could be substantially younger than the value entered above. O If the expansion of the Universe has been accelerating, the Universe could be substantially older than the value entered above. Need Help? Read ItWhat is the redshift z of a galaxy 172 Mpc away from us? Note: Assume a value of the Hubble constant of 71.1 km/s/Mpc Round your answer to three decimal places.13
- a) Briefly explain what is meant by "particle horizon" and "event horizon" in cosmology. b) Calculate the physical particle horizon, RH (t), at time t. Assume a flat FRW universe which is dominated by a fluid that gives rise to scale factor evolution a(t) = ao ()*, to where n is a constant with 0Suppose a hypothetical universe is expanding (at some moment in time) at a rate of H. At this same moment the density of this Universe is ρ. (a) Confirm for yourself that this is a closed universe, given the values below. (b) Determine, and enter below, the spatial radius of curvature for this closed universe (at the same moment in time at which the values above are given). Values: H = 56 km s-1 Mpc-1 ρ = 4.9x10-25 kg m-3 Give your answer for (b) in units of Mpc, to the nearest integer (not in scientific notation - e.g., 1234).Please answer within 90 minutes.Consider the following line element, ds^2 = −dt^2 + a^2 (t) (dx^2 + dy^2 ) + b^2 (t) dz^2 , where a(t) and b(t) are distinct functions. State whether or not this line element obeys the Cosmological Principle, if applied to describe the universe on large scales. Justify your answer.A galaxy containing HI gas is moving with a velocity of 150 km/s away fromus (along the line of sight). Calculate the frequency at which we will observethe HI emission line.Consider the following line element, ds² = -dt² + a² (t) (dx² + dy²) + b²(t) dz², where a(t) and b(t) are distinct functions. State whether or not this line element obeys the Cosmological Principle, if applied to describe the universe on large scales. Justify your answer.Suppose an alien race on a distant planet tries to send a message to us, with a laser (light). However, we were unaware that there is a stellar-mass black hole almost directly between us and them. How would this complicate our attempts to locate their position in the Galaxy? O Gravitational lensing would make the signal appear to be coming from a different location O The information carried by the laser (light) would be altered O It would not matter The black hole absorbs all of the light5.5 One speculation in cosmology is that the dark energy may take the form of "phantom energy" with an equation-of-state parameter w < -1. Suppose that the universe is spatially flat and contains matter with a density parameter 2m.o, and phantom energy with a density parameter = 1 - 2m,0 and equation-of-state parameter w, < -1. At what scale 'm,0 Wp factor are the energy density of phantom energy and matter equal? amp Write down the Friedmann equation for this universe in the limit that a » amp. Integrate the Friedmann equation to show that the scale factor a goes to infinity at a finite cosmic time t,in, given by the relation Ho(trip – to) = (1 – m.o)-1/2. (5.119) 3|1 + Wpl This fate for the universe is called the "Big Rip." Current observations of our own universe are consistent with Ho = 68 km s-1 Mpc-1, 2m.0 = 0.3, and w, -1.1. If these numbers are correct, how long do we have remaining until the "Big Rip"?Please answer within 90 minutes.SEE MORE QUESTIONS