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5.13) The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matri region and undergo oxidative phosphorylation. Name the two processes in which the energy from NADH made in glycolysis can enter the mitochondrial matrix. ANSWER: 1) malate-aspartate shuttle 2) glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle EXPLANATION: Oxidative phosphorylation requires that NADH be located within the mitochondrial matrix. Since pyruvate oxidation/decarboxylation and the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondrial matrix, the NADH created in those processes can immediately undergo oxidative phosphorylation. The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is able to pass through the outer mitochondrial membrane and enter the intermembrane space; however, it is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrix region. In order for the energy from this NADH to be utilized, it must be processed through "NADH shuttles." The two most important NADH shuttles are the malate-aspartate shuttle and the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. The malate-aspartate shuttle works by oxidizing the NADH produced by glycolysis to NAD+ in the intermembrane space, then transferring the electrons through the inner mitochondrial matrix to an NAD+ that is already inside the matrix, thereby producing an NADH that can undergo oxidative phosphorylation. In the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, NADH produced by glycolysis is oxidized in the intermembrane space by transferring electrons to an inner mitochondrial membrane-bound FAD, thereby producing an FADH₂ that can undergo oxidative phosphorylation.

5.13) The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matri region and undergo oxidative phosphorylation. Name the two processes in which the energy from NADH made in glycolysis can enter the mitochondrial matrix. ANSWER: 1) malate-aspartate shuttle 2) glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle EXPLANATION: Oxidative phosphorylation requires that NADH be located within the mitochondrial matrix. Since pyruvate oxidation/decarboxylation and the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondrial matrix, the NADH created in those processes can immediately undergo oxidative phosphorylation. The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is able to pass through the outer mitochondrial membrane and enter the intermembrane space; however, it is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrix region. In order for the energy from this NADH to be utilized, it must be processed through "NADH shuttles." The two most important NADH shuttles are the malate-aspartate shuttle and the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. The malate-aspartate shuttle works by oxidizing the NADH produced by glycolysis to NAD+ in the intermembrane space, then transferring the electrons through the inner mitochondrial matrix to an NAD+ that is already inside the matrix, thereby producing an NADH that can undergo oxidative phosphorylation. In the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, NADH produced by glycolysis is oxidized in the intermembrane space by transferring electrons to an inner mitochondrial membrane-bound FAD, thereby producing an FADH₂ that can undergo oxidative phosphorylation.

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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15.13) The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrix region and undergo oxidative phosphorylation. Name the two processes in which the energy from NADH made in glycolysis can enter the mitochondrial matrix. ANSWER: 1) malate-aspartate shuttle 2) glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle EXPLANATION: Oxidative phosphorylation requires that NADH be located within the mitochondrial matrix. Since pyruvate oxidation/decarboxylation and the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondrial matrix, the NADH created in those processes can immediately undergo oxidative phosphorylation. The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is able to pass through the outer mitochondrial membrane and enter the intermembrane space; however, it is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrix region. In order for the energy from this NADH to be utilized, it must be processed through "NADH shuttles." The two most important NADH shuttles are the malate-aspartate shuttle and the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. The malate-aspartate shuttle works by oxidizing the NADH produced by glycolysis to NAD+ in the intermembrane space, then transferring the electrons through the inner mitochondrial matrix to an NAD+ that is already inside the matrix, thereby producing an NADH that can undergo oxidative phosphorylation. In the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, NADH produced by glycolysis is oxidized in the intermembrane space by transferring electrons to an inner mitochondrial membrane-bound FAD, thereby producing an FADH₂ that can undergo oxidative phosphorylation.
Transcribed Image Text:15.13) The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrix region and undergo oxidative phosphorylation. Name the two processes in which the energy from NADH made in glycolysis can enter the mitochondrial matrix. ANSWER: 1) malate-aspartate shuttle 2) glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle EXPLANATION: Oxidative phosphorylation requires that NADH be located within the mitochondrial matrix. Since pyruvate oxidation/decarboxylation and the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the mitochondrial matrix, the NADH created in those processes can immediately undergo oxidative phosphorylation. The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is able to pass through the outer mitochondrial membrane and enter the intermembrane space; however, it is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane to enter the matrix region. In order for the energy from this NADH to be utilized, it must be processed through "NADH shuttles." The two most important NADH shuttles are the malate-aspartate shuttle and the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle. The malate-aspartate shuttle works by oxidizing the NADH produced by glycolysis to NAD+ in the intermembrane space, then transferring the electrons through the inner mitochondrial matrix to an NAD+ that is already inside the matrix, thereby producing an NADH that can undergo oxidative phosphorylation. In the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle, NADH produced by glycolysis is oxidized in the intermembrane space by transferring electrons to an inner mitochondrial membrane-bound FAD, thereby producing an FADH₂ that can undergo oxidative phosphorylation.
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