5.1-1. Routing versus forwarding. Which of the following statements correctly identify the differences between routing and forwarding. Select one or more statements. Routing refers to moving packets from a router's input to appropriate router output, and is implemented in the control plane. Forwarding refers to determining the route taken by packets from source to destination, and is implemented in the control plane. Routing refers to determining the route taken by packets from source to destination, and is implemented in the data plane. Forwarding refers to moving packets from a router's input to appropriate router output, and is implemented in the control plane. Forwarding refers to determining the route taken by packets from source to destination, and is implemented in the data plane. Routing refers to moving packets from a router's input to appropriate router output, and is implemented in the data plane. Routing refers to determining the route taken by packets from source to destination, and is implemented in the control plane. Forwarding refers to moving packets from a router's input to appropriate router output, and is implemented in the data plane.

When you borrow money to buy a house, a car, or for some other purpose, you repay the loan by making periodic payments over a certain period of time. Of course, the lending company will charge interest on the loan. Every periodic payment consists of the interest on the loan and the payment toward the principal amount. To be specific, suppose that you borrow $1,000 at an interest rate of 7.2% per year and the payments are monthly. Suppose that your monthly payment is $25. Now, the interest is 7.2% per year and the payments are monthly, so the interest rate per month is 7.2/12 = 0.6%. The first months interest on $1,000 is 1000 0.006 = 6. Because the payment is $25 and the interest for the first month is $6, the payment toward the principal amount is 25 6 = 19. This means after making the first payment, the loan amount is 1,000 19 = 981. For the second payment, the interest is calculated on $981. So the interest for the second month is 981 0.006 = 5.886, that is, approximately $5.89. This implies that the payment toward the principal is 25 5.89 = 19.11 and the remaining balance after the second payment is 981 19.11 = 961.89. This process is repeated until the loan is paid. Write a program that accepts as input the loan amount, the interest rate per year, and the monthly payment. (Enter the interest rate as a percentage. For example, if the interest rate is 7.2% per year, then enter 7.2.) The program then outputs the number of months it would take to repay the loan. (Note that if the monthly payment is less than the first months interest, then after each payment, the loan amount will increase. In this case, the program must warn the borrower that the monthly payment is too low, and with this monthly payment, the loan amount could not be repaid.)

(Practice) State whether the following are valid function names and if so, whether they’re mnemonic names that convey some idea of the function’s purpose. If they are invalid names, state why. powerdensity m1234 newamp 1234 abcd total tangent absval computed b34a 34ab volts$ a2B3 while minVal sine $sine cosine speed netdistance sum return stack

(Data processing) Your professor has asked you to write a C++ program that determines grades at the end of the semester. For each student, identified by an integer number between 1 and 60, four exam grades must be kept, and two final grade averages must be computed. The first grade average is simply the average of all four grades. The second grade average is computed by weighting the four grades as follows: The first grade gets a weight of 0.2, the second grade gets a weight of 0.3, the third grade gets a weight of 0.3, and the fourth grade gets a weight of 0.2. That is, the final grade is computed as follows: 0.2grade1+0.3grade2+0.3grade3+0.2grade4 Using this information, construct a 60-by-7 two-dimensional array, in which the first column is used for the student number, the next four columns for the grades, and the last two columns for the computed final grades. The program’s output should be a display of the data in the completed array. For testing purposes, the professor has provided the following data:

(Conversion) a. Write a C++ program to convert meters to feet. The program should request the starting meter value, the number of conversions to be made, and the increment between metric values. The display should have appropriate headings and list the meters and the corresponding feet value. If the number of iterations is greater than 10, have your program substitute a default increment of 10. Use the relationship that 1 meter = 3.281 feet. b. Run the program written in Exercise 6a on a computer. Verify that your program begins at the correct starting meter value and contains the exact number of conversions specified in your input data. c. Modify the program written in Exercise 6a to request the starting meter value, the ending meter value, and the increment. Instead of the condition checking for a fixed count, the condition checks for the ending meter value. If the number of iterations is greater than 20, have your program substitute a default increment of (ending value - starting value) / 19.

Write a program named Twitter that accepts a users message and determines whether it is short enough for a social networking service that does not accept messages of more than 140 characters.

(Program) Write a C++ program that accepts a string from the user and then replaces all occurrences of the letter e with the letter x.

(Heat transfer) The formula developed in Exercise 5 can be used to determine the cooling time, t, caused only by radiation, of each planet in the solar system. For convenience, this formula is repeated here (see Exercise 5 for a definition of each symbol): t=Nk2eAT3fin A=surfaceareaofasphere=4r2 N=numberofatoms=volumeofthespherevolumeofanatom Volume of a sphere sphere=43radius3 The volume of a single atom is approximately 11029m3 . Using this information and the current temperatures and radii listed in the following chart, determine the time it took each planet to cool to its current temperature, caused only by radiation.