5. Write a program that computes the spherical distance between two points on the surface of the Earth, given their latitudes and longitudes. This is a useful operation because it tells you how far apart two cities are if you multiply the distance by the radius of the Earth, which is roughly 6372.795 km. Let v1, A1, and 42, d2 be the latitude and longitude of two points, respectively. AX, the longitudinal difference, and AO, the angular difference/distance in radians, can be determined as follows from the spherical law of cosines: Ao = arccos(sing¡sino2 + cosY2cosY>COs AX) For example, consider the latitude and longitude of two major cities: • Nashville, TN: N 36°7.2/, W 86°40.2/ • Los Angeles, CA: N 33°56.4/, W 118°24.0/ You must convert these coordinates to radians before you can use them effectively in the formula. After conversion, the coordinates become • Nashville: p = 36. 12° = 0.6304 rad, A¡ = -86. 67° = -1.5127 rad • Los Angeles: 2 = 33.94° = 0.5924 rad, A2 = -118. 40° = -2.0665 rad Using these values in the angular distance equation, you get rAo = 6372.795 × 0.45306 = 2887.259 km Thus, the distance between these cities is about 2887 km, or 1794 miles. (Note: To solve this problem, you will need to use the Math.acos method, which returns an arccosine angle in radians.)

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Variables and Constant

Constants and variables are widely used in mathematical equations and expressions. They are also commonly found in the domain of programming, where each language has its own way to differentiate between a constant and a variable. Since they have all sorts of applications, knowing their differences is a good place to start.