5. Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions while esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? 1404 A) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. B) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, the tetrahedral intermediate is too sterically hindered to eliminate one of the attached groups. D) The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp² hybridized. E) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R- can be eliminated they are strongly basic. since
Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
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