**Question 5:**What halide is the strongest nucleophile in a polar aprotic solvent? Why?a. F⁻, Br⁻, Cl⁻, I⁻b. Br⁻, H₂O, tBuOK, CH₃NH⁻---**Explanation:**In polar aprotic solvents, the strongest nucleophiles are often smaller and more electronegative because these solvents do not solvate anions well. As a result, fluoride (F⁻) is the strongest nucleophile among the halides due to its small size and high charge density.**Key Concepts:**- **Polar aprotic solvents:** These are solvents that have a dipole moment (polar) but do not have hydrogen atoms bonded to oxygen or nitrogen (aprotic), meaning they do not readily donate hydrogen bonds. Common examples include acetone and DMSO.- **Nucleophilicity:** The ability of a species to donate a pair of electrons and form a new covalent bond. In a polar aprotic solvent, nucleophilicity trends closely follow basicity.**Graphs or Diagrams:**No graphs or diagrams are included in the original text.

The polar aprotic solvents do not contain hydrogen atom, which can take part in hydrogen bonding. The nucleophiles have a pair of electrons, which is donated to another ion. When the atomic size increases, the nucleophilicity increases. (a) The given ions are F-, Br-, Cl-, I-. Among the given ions, atomic size of fluorine is the smallest whereas the atomic size of iodine is the largest. The increase in atomic size decreases the basicity, which in turn decreases the nucleophilicity in polar aprotic solvent. The most basic ion is a strong nucleophile, so F- ion is the strongest nucleophile. Therefore, the decreasing order of nucleophilicity in polar aprotic solvent as follows, F-> Cl->Br- > I- (b) The given ions are Br-, H2O, tBuOK, CH3NH-. Among the given options, CH3NH- is the strongest nucleophile in polar aprotic solvent. It is more nucleophile than other because of negative charge. tBuOK is a very strong base, but the steric hindrance makes it a weaker nucleophile.

Answered: 5. What halide is the strongest…

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5. What halide is the strongest nucleophile in a polar aprotic solvent? Why? a. F-, Br-, Cl-, I- b. Br-, H20, TBUOK, CH3NH-

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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