5. Suppose you have a language with only the 3 letters a, b, c, and they occur with frequencies .7, .2, .1, respectively. The following ciphertext was encrypted by the Vigenere method (shifts are mod 3 instead of mod 26, of course): ABCBABBBAC. Suppose you are told that the key length is 1, 2, or 3. Show that the key length is probably 2, and determine the most probable key.

Q: Find Alice and Bob's common key K by using the Diffie-Hellman-Merkle key exchange scheme with the…

A: The given values for the Diffie-Hellman-Merkle key exchange scheme is given as        M = 5        n…

Q: 1. modular arithmetic is the basis of many crypto-systems. Compute the result without a calculator.…

A:

Q: Let's say that Alice and Bob are exchanging keys using Diffie-Hellman key exchange using…

A: Here, we have p=499 (which is a prime number) g=7 a=23 (which is a secret exponent of Alice) and b…

Q: The message, FMULMZV, is an encrypted message using the affine cipher f (p) = (11p - 6) mod 26. Find…

A:

Q: 5. Encrypt the message WATCH YOUR STEP by translating the letters into num- bers, applying the given…

A: To encrypt the messege 'WATCH YOUR STEP'' using the encryption function  :

Q: a. Find the inverse of 31 modulo 73 b. Decrypt the following message using shift cipher: f(p) = (p+…

A: The inverse of 31 modulo 73 .

Q: Encode the number using the given public key. Encode the number M = 14 using the public key n = 77…

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Q: (Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange) You and Nick agree on a secret key. Nick announces that and g = 7.…

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Q: Let C = {0000, 1100, 0011, 1111} be a code. Suppose Alice sends a message and Bob received the…

A: Define the distance between two binary words as the number of positions that they differ in.…

Q: 11. Here is our second code. Once more you agree with your friend on a modulus (say, 25) and a…

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Q: 5. Find the plaintext message if the ciphertext produced by exponential encryption (§8.3) with key…

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Q: Decode the number using the given private key. Decode the number M = 15 using the private key d = 53…

A: To decode this using the RSA cryptosystem.

Q: Determine, if possible, the affine cipher C = aP + b (mod 26) that sends plaintext "BI" to…

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Q: Questions Suppose we have a message to encrypt. Let's keep the message simple and say you want to…

A: Solution:-

Q: (7) Which of the following formulas represent the process of encryption in Caesar Cipher? (Choose…

A: Option B M=(C-3)mod26

Q: 13. Suppose a message is encrypted using the RSA system with n = 53*61 and e = 19. Suppose the…

A: It is given that, a message is encrypted using the RSA system with n = 53*61 and e = 19.  Suppose…

Q: The following message was encrypted with an affine cipher using some affine function ax + b (mod 26)…

A: To solve this problem, the process involves decrypting a message that was encrypted using an affine…

Q: ANSWER THIS, USE PENCIL AND PAPER. NEVER USE AI. DO ON YOUR OWN  Explain the RSA encryption and…

A: Verification:As expected, decrypting the ciphertext (30) using the private key retrieves the…

Q: A safer system would be to use modular multiplication instead of addition. But if we use modular…

A: The modular arithmetics gives remainder obtained upon division. For example, 26≡1mod 25 means on…

Q: Decrypt the following ciphertext: 17 and 14. The p = 5 and q = 11.  No ai, show how you solved it

A: Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4:

Q: Decrypt the following ciphertext: 17 14. The p = 5 and q = 11. Show all steps. Show how to solve…

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Q: (Hill Cipher) Decrypt the following cipher text: YZZN Using the key K =

A: To Decrypt: the following cipher text: YZZN using the key K=2532

Q: Determine, if possible, the affine cipher C = aP + b (mod 26) that sends plaintext "OK" to…

A: Introduction. To find the affine cipher which sends the plaintext to ciphertext we have to use the…