5. If there is 256mL of propane (C3H8) is combusted at a constant pressure and temperature. _C3H8+ O2(g) → H₂O(g) + CO₂(g) Determine the volume of a. Carbon dioxide produced in mL. b. Water vapor produced in mL.
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
![### Educational Resource: Gas Laws and Chemical Reactions
#### Combustion of Propane
**Problem Statement:**
5. If there is 256 mL of propane (C₃H₈) that is combusted at a constant pressure and temperature:
\[ \text{C}_3\text{H}_8 + \_\text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow \_\text{H}_2\text{O}(g) + \_\text{CO}_2(g) \]
**Determine the volume of:**
a. Carbon dioxide produced in mL.
b. Water vapor produced in mL.
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#### Statements on Gas Behavior
6. Circle the statement(s) that is/are true. For the false statement(s), explain why they are false.
a. If the number of moles of a gas is doubled, the volume will double, assuming the pressure and temperature of the gas remain constant.
b. If the temperature of a gas increases from 25°C to 50°C, the volume of the gas would double, assuming that the pressure and the number of moles of gas remain constant.
c. The device that measures atmospheric pressure is called a barometer.
d. If the volume of a gas decreases by one-half, then the pressure would double, assuming that the number of moles and the temperature of the gas remain constant.
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**Overview of Concepts:**
- **Combustion Reaction:** This involves the reaction of propane with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor. You are tasked to calculate the resultant volumes under standard conditions.
- **Gas Laws:**
- **Avogadro’s Law** (Statement a): Volume is directly proportional to the number of moles when temperature and pressure are constant.
- **Charles's Law** (Statement b): Volume is directly proportional to temperature when pressure and moles are constant. The statement suggests volume doubling, which is incorrect because temperature must be in Kelvin for such comparisons.
- **Boyle’s Law** (Statement d): Volume is inversely proportional to pressure when temperature and moles are constant.
- **Barometer:** (Statement c) Correctly identified as a device to measure atmospheric pressure.
Feel free to use this content to understand gas laws, apply them to real-world chemical reactions, and explore the principles behind measuring atmospheric pressure.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fa7e1480f-493b-4334-b48e-1a7032a37693%2Fc1ed054d-c5d4-4826-9574-eb8a2357b560%2Ffn96v8_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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