Homework Help is Here – Start Your Trial Now!
Engineering
Electrical Engineering
5. , Based on the following unit step response of a sensor, an engineer claims that the sensor acts like a second-order system. (a) Explain how you justify the engineer's claim! (b) Find the static sensitivity of the sensor (c) Find the useful dynamic frequency range of the sensor (within +5% of error) if the time constants are 0.16 and 1.6 seconds. 1 2 4 5 6. Time( sec) 2. 1. temperature (oC)

5. , Based on the following unit step response of a sensor, an engineer claims that the sensor acts like a second-order system. (a) Explain how you justify the engineer's claim! (b) Find the static sensitivity of the sensor (c) Find the useful dynamic frequency range of the sensor (within +5% of error) if the time constants are 0.16 and 1.6 seconds. 1 2 4 5 6. Time( sec) 2. 1. temperature (oC)

Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN:9780133923605
Author:Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:Robert L. Boylestad
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P: Visit your local library (at school or home) and describe the extent to which it provides literature...
See similar textbooks
icon
Related questions
Question

Subject: Mechanical Measurements

Do not copy other online answers

### Transcription and Explanation **Educational Content: Understanding Sensor Dynamics** --- **Problem Statement:** Based on the following *unit step response* of a sensor, an engineer claims that the sensor acts like a *second-order* system. **Tasks:** (a) Explain how you justify the engineer’s claim. (b) Find the static sensitivity of the sensor. (c) Find the useful dynamic frequency range of the sensor (within ±5% of error) if the time constants are 0.16 and 1.6 seconds. --- **Graph Explanation:** - **Title:** The graph does not have a specific title, but it is a unit step response curve. - **Axes:** - **X-axis (Time):** Measured in seconds, ranging from 0 to 6. - **Y-axis (Temperature):** Measured in degrees Celsius (°C), ranging from 0 to 6. - **Data Points:** The graph shows data points that represent how temperature changes with time after a unit step input is applied to the sensor. - **Trend:** The data points form a curve that begins at the origin (0,0) and rises quickly at first, then gradually levels off as it approaches a steady state around a temperature of 5°C. This suggests a classic asymptotic response typical of a second-order system. **Second-Order System Characteristics:** - **Justification of Engineer's Claim (a):** - The smooth, asymptotic rise to a steady-state value is indicative of a system that may be second-order. A second-order system is often characterized by an over-damped, under-damped, or critically damped response. In this case, the curve suggests an over-damped response without overshoot, supporting the claim of a second-order system. - **Static Sensitivity (b):** - Static sensitivity can be calculated from the steady-state temperature value achieved by the system. Here, the final temperature appears to stabilize around 5°C. Static sensitivity in a linear system is the steady-state gain, which can be determined as the change in output (temperature) per unit change in input. - **Dynamic Frequency Range (c):** - The dynamic frequency range is determined based on the given time constants (0.16 and 1.6 seconds). The bandwidth of a second-order system depends on these time constants, which characterize how quickly the system responds to changes in input.
Transcribed Image Text:### Transcription and Explanation **Educational Content: Understanding Sensor Dynamics** --- **Problem Statement:** Based on the following *unit step response* of a sensor, an engineer claims that the sensor acts like a *second-order* system. **Tasks:** (a) Explain how you justify the engineer’s claim. (b) Find the static sensitivity of the sensor. (c) Find the useful dynamic frequency range of the sensor (within ±5% of error) if the time constants are 0.16 and 1.6 seconds. --- **Graph Explanation:** - **Title:** The graph does not have a specific title, but it is a unit step response curve. - **Axes:** - **X-axis (Time):** Measured in seconds, ranging from 0 to 6. - **Y-axis (Temperature):** Measured in degrees Celsius (°C), ranging from 0 to 6. - **Data Points:** The graph shows data points that represent how temperature changes with time after a unit step input is applied to the sensor. - **Trend:** The data points form a curve that begins at the origin (0,0) and rises quickly at first, then gradually levels off as it approaches a steady state around a temperature of 5°C. This suggests a classic asymptotic response typical of a second-order system. **Second-Order System Characteristics:** - **Justification of Engineer's Claim (a):** - The smooth, asymptotic rise to a steady-state value is indicative of a system that may be second-order. A second-order system is often characterized by an over-damped, under-damped, or critically damped response. In this case, the curve suggests an over-damped response without overshoot, supporting the claim of a second-order system. - **Static Sensitivity (b):** - Static sensitivity can be calculated from the steady-state temperature value achieved by the system. Here, the final temperature appears to stabilize around 5°C. Static sensitivity in a linear system is the steady-state gain, which can be determined as the change in output (temperature) per unit change in input. - **Dynamic Frequency Range (c):** - The dynamic frequency range is determined based on the given time constants (0.16 and 1.6 seconds). The bandwidth of a second-order system depends on these time constants, which characterize how quickly the system responds to changes in input.
Expert Solution
trending now

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

steps

Step by step

Solved in 5 steps with 2 images

SEE SOLUTIONCheck out a sample Q&A here
Blurred answer
Knowledge Booster
Photoelectric
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, electrical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
Recommended textbooks for you
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Introductory Circuit Analysis (13th Edition)
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:
9780133923605
Author:
Robert L. Boylestad
Publisher:
PEARSON
Delmar's Standard Textbook Of Electricity
Delmar's Standard Textbook Of Electricity
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:
9781337900348
Author:
Stephen L. Herman
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Programmable Logic Controllers
Programmable Logic Controllers
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:
9780073373843
Author:
Frank D. Petruzella
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:
9780078028229
Author:
Charles K Alexander, Matthew Sadiku
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Electric Circuits. (11th Edition)
Electric Circuits. (11th Edition)
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:
9780134746968
Author:
James W. Nilsson, Susan Riedel
Publisher:
PEARSON
Engineering Electromagnetics
Engineering Electromagnetics
Electrical Engineering
ISBN:
9780078028151
Author:
Hayt, William H. (william Hart), Jr, BUCK, John A.
Publisher:
Mcgraw-hill Education,
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS