(5) The characteristic equation of gasses (PV-mRT) holds good for (a) Monoatomic gases (b) ideal gases (c) mixture of gases (d) diatomic gas (e) Nor in the mentioned. (6) The processes or systems that do not involve heat are called a) Isothermal processes (b) equilibrium processes (c) thermal processes (d) adiabatic processes (e) steady processes (f) Non in the mentioned (7) Which of the following is not a property of the system? a) Heat, mentioned (b) Temperature, (c) specific volume, (d) pressure, (e) Non in th (8) During throttling process (a) Internal energy does not change, (b) pressure does not change, (c) volume chang is negligible, (d) entropy does not change, (e) enthalpy does not change, (f) No in the mentioned. (9) (a) Triple point involves equilibrium of solid, liquid and vapor phases, (b) Critical poin involves equilibrium of solid and vapor phases, (c) Critical point involves equilibrium o solid and liquid phases, (d) Critical point involves equilibrium of solid, liquid and vapo phases, (e) Non in the mentioned (10) In isentropic process - (a) w = 2(u₂-u₁). (b) w = (u₂ − u₂)², (c) w = (U₂ - U₁), (d) w = (U₁₂-U₁) ¹¹² (e) Non in the mentioned 1/2 (11) The state of substance whose evaporation from its liquid state is complete, is known as (a) Perfect gas, (b) steam (c) air (d) vapor (e) Non in the mentioned (12) Work done in a free expansion process is a Zero, (b) maximum, (c) minimum, (d) positive, (e) negative, (f) non in the mention

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Chemical and Phase Equilibrium

Phase diagrams or equilibrium phase diagrams are the graphical representations that show the phase transformations of the constituting elements with respect to the pressure, temperature, and compositions. The diagrams show the conditions that limit the different phases, namely solid, liquid, and gas. The diagram can also be utilized to verify the relations between the state variables. Most of the phase diagrams are temperature-pressure phase diagrams, with the variable parameter as the composition. Usually other variables such as solubility and pressure parameters are not indicated in the phase diagram. For a one-component system (unary phase diagram), the phase diagram is generally a function of temperature and pressure as the state variables, or temperature and volume. However, for a binary system (two-phase) having two components, the phase diagram is a function of temperature and composition as the state variables only. Coexisting of the different phases of the constituting elements is indicated in the phase diagram. A ternary phase diagram can be characterized by consisting of three phases in equilibrium.