(5) Consider a gas that follows the equation of state NRT aN? p = V – bN V2 8a This is called van der Waals gas (a, b > 0). For temperatures T > Tc = p(V) is a 27RB monotonic decreasing function. Assume T > Tc and Cy = 3NR/2. %3D Consider an insulated box with volume V, . The box was divided by a wall. One of the compartments had volume V, at temperature To, filled with van der Waals gas of amount N, and the other was vacuum. The system was in equilibrium. (a) The wall was removed abruptly. The gas expanded and occupied the entire box. This process is called adiabatic free expansion. The temperature in the box is now T, in equilibrium. What is T – T,? (b) The internal energy of the gas does not change by adiabatic free expansion. Why? (c) Instead of the abrupt removal, the wall was moved through adiabatic and quasi-static process, and the gas expanded to the entire volume of the box. The temperature in the box is now T2 in equilibrium. What is T2? (d) Show T, > T2, using the arguments of the second law of thermodynamics.

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Work and Heat Transfer

It is generally related to thermal engineering which tells about the use, creation, conversion and transfer of heat energy between the systems. It is also considered that to transfer heat from one source to another, transfer of masses is also required. There are various mechanisms by which, transfer of heat takes place i.e. thermal conduction, convection, radiation or by change of phase. All these mechanisms have their own specific features which sometimes occur simultaneously within the same system.