5, Briefly illustrate the commonly used strengthening methods of existing concrete structures , explain the stress performance differences between the old ordinary concrete structure and reinforced exiting-structure, and give some formula illustration to reflect the differences.

5, Briefly illustrate the commonly used strengthening methods of existing concrete structures , explain the stress performance differences between the old ordinary concrete structure and reinforced exiting-structure, and give some formula illustration to reflect the differences.

Traffic and Highway Engineering

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305156241

Author:Garber, Nicholas J.

Publisher:Garber, Nicholas J.

Chapter20: Design Of Rigid Pavements

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Problem 1P: Portland cement concrete consists of what four primary elements?

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Concept explainers

Design criteria for structural loading

The different loads such as loads due to self-weight (dead load) and external loads such as live load, wind loads, seismic load, snow load, and other loads and load combinations that influence the design of a building are called structural loading. The nature of the applied load differs from changes in the location, design, and type of materials used. The design criteria require that structures must be designed and constructed to be able to withstand all load types that are expected to act upon the structure and render its usage for the designated purpose. The structural members such as beams, slabs, columns, and foundations help the structure to withstand the applied load. There are different institutes such as ASCE and ACI that provide building design codes to assure minimum safety requirements and quality of the structures.

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5, Briefly illustrate the commonly used strengthening methods of
existing concrete structures , explain the stress performance
differences between the
old ordinary concrete structure and reinforced exiting-structure,
and give some formula illustration to reflect the differences.

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Subject: Reinforced Concrete Structures exam
4.1 Consider the prestressed concrete beam and prestressing steel stress-strain diagram given below. The concrete is assumed to have an ultimate strain capacity of 0.003 in/in. Determine the nominal strength of the member using the strain compatibility method. It should be noted that the stress-strain diagram below allows virtually "exact" calculation of stresses and strains in the prestressing steel. Assume that the specified concrete strength is 4,000 psi, fse = 137 ksi, Ec = 3850 ksi, Ecu = 0.003, p = 0.40 and Eps = 28,000 ksi. 20" 4" 3" -10" O -10" (a) 17.58" Ap = 0.575 in.2 fp ksi 250 213 0.0079 Ep (b) 0.067
Reinforce concrete design
Generally, compressive strength normally considers in all stages in our designs. Explain and state other engineering strength that needed to be taken care of in the process of design. Comment on how it affects reinforce concrete structure.
The following data of a pre-stress concrete are given: Beam dimension ; bxh = 300 mm x 600 mm Loads Super imposed dead load 7 KN/m Live load = 20 KN/m Unit Weight of concrete 23 KN/cubic meter The beam is simply supported on a span of 15 meters and are pre tensioned with total initialpre tensioned with total initial force of 1750 KN from low-relaxation strand with centroid 220 mm below neutral axis throughout the beam length .There is a 15% loss of stress at service loads. The concrete covering of the pre-stressed concrete is _____mm., the total dead load is _____ KN/m.
Why is reinforcing steel used in concrete? Discuss the typical properties ofreinforcing steel.
Determine the tensile steel ratio of a singly reinforced concrete beam for the following conditions using concrete strength f'c = 21 MPa and steel yield strength fy = 420 MPa a.) if the tensile strain is es = fy/Es upon crushing of concrete at a strain of 0.003 b.) if the tensioe strain is set as 0.009 upon crushing of concrete at strain of 0.003 c.) minimum as required by NSCP 2015
Determine the tensile steel ratio of a singly reinforced concrete beam for the following conditions using concrete strength f’c = 21 MPa and steel yield strength fy = 420 MPa. if the tensile strain is set as 0.009 upon crushing of concrete at a strain of 0.003. = [rr] (5 decimal places)
Problem 2.7 A reinforced concrete beam has the following data. Beam width, b= 300 mm Effective depth, d= 600 mm Compression steel cover, d'= 60 mm Concrete strength, fc=27.5 MPa Steel Strength, fy= 415 MPa a) Find the flexural strength of a singly-reinforced section if the extreme tension steel reached a strain of 0.005. b) Find the mumber of pieces of 28 mm diameter flexural steel for a singly-reinforced section if the extreme tension steel reached a strain of 0.005. c) Find the mumber of 28 mm diameter tension reinforcements if the section is to resist a factored design load of 660 kN-m d) If 2-28 mm diameter bars are added as compression steel, detemine the maximm mumber of pieces required for the tension reinforcements. Assume the compression steel yielded and ignore displaced concrete.
Using a simply supported pre-stressed concrete beam, explain the following status using stress diagrams: Stress condition due to pre-stress alone. Change of stress conditions due to the increment of external load: Decompression moment (bottom fibre compression = 0); Cracking moment (tensile strength develops at the bottom and starts cracking at the bottom); and Balance state (whole section is at an equal amount of compression).
2) A reinforced concrete column of square section 300 mm sides has four reinforcing bar of 32 mm diameter one in each comer with its centre 56 mm from the edges as shown in Figure 3. Find load carried by column if concrete can be stressed to 5 N/mm². What is corresponding stress in steel and reinforcement and what proportion of load is carried by it? Modular ratio of steel to concrete is 18. 300 mm - 32 mm CT 300 mm 56 mm 56 mm Figure 3
A. Write a detailed note on stress-strain characteristics of reinforced concrete and steel. B. Explain the difference between the Normal stress and Shear stress. C. Explain the difference between the Normal strain and Shear strain.