49 The corect formula of the polymer obtained when n moles of HOH CCH OH reacts with n moles of HOOC-CH COOH is A CO-C,HCO.CH CH. O-12n 8. CO-CH,Co-0-CH CH O-Jn C. 1O-CH CH O-co-CH,Co-12n D. -CO-CH, OCO-CH CH, 0-in 57 Which of the above i on amide? 58. Which is a nitrile? 59. Which is an anhydride? 60. Which is an acid chloride? Questions 61-65 relate to the following names of some reactions that carboxylic acids and their derivatives undergo. Ethanoylation C. TYPE TWO QUESTIONS Alcoholysis Hydrolysis A. B. Questions 50 - 70 DIRECTIONS: Each group of questions below consists of four lettered headings followed by a list of numbered questions. For each numbered question, select the one heading which is most closely related to it Each 61. CH- heading may be used once, more than once Ammonolysis Select from (A D) the best name for the following reactions: CH, +NH, or not at all. 62. CH, - + ROH CH, -C-0-R+ HOCI Questions 50 - 53 The list of reagents below are used in organic chemistry A) LIAIH, C) Mno Choose from the letters A-D the correct reagent 64. R required for the following reactions. 50. RCO H 51. RCO,H 52 RCH,OH -RCOH 53. RCH COOH RCHCICOOH 63 R. + NH R-C-NH + HCI B) PCI, D) CI +H,OH R OR +ROH RCOCI RCH OH 65 CH + 20 H,NH. CH * CH,NH,C NHC H. CH.CO, H+CH,CH,OH CH,CO.CH,C,H, Quesions 66 -70 The reagents and conditions given below can be used to charactensed carbaxylic acids and thei derivalives. Use only the letters A- D to answe the questions that follow. A Neutral iron () chloride B ROH 2C HCHO CHCH,OH +C,H,CO. Na Questions 54 - 56 concem the reaction scheme above 54. Which of the steps is a disproportionation? 55 Which step in an esterification reaction? C PO heat D. NaOH Bi, 66. Which of them can be used to prepa nitriles from amides? 67 Which reacts wilth benzene carboxylic a 56. Which step is undergoing alkali hydrolysis? Questions 57-60 refers to the following acid derivatives to give a sweet fruity odour? 68. Which reacts with an acid derivatives cause a reduction in the number of carb atoms? 69. Which will give a blood red coloration adding to a cold neutral solution ethanoate? B)R -C-CI A) R-C 70 Which will give a yellow coloration CH CH(OH)COON2? C) R-C- NH D) R-CN 357
Basics in Organic Reactions Mechanisms
In organic chemistry, the mechanism of an organic reaction is defined as a complete step-by-step explanation of how a reaction of organic compounds happens. A completely detailed mechanism would relate the first structure of the reactants with the last structure of the products and would represent changes in structure and energy all through the reaction step.
Heterolytic Bond Breaking
Heterolytic bond breaking is also known as heterolysis or heterolytic fission or ionic fission. It is defined as breaking of a covalent bond between two different atoms in which one atom gains both of the shared pair of electrons. The atom that gains both electrons is more electronegative than the other atom in covalent bond. The energy needed for heterolytic fission is called as heterolytic bond dissociation energy.
Polar Aprotic Solvent
Solvents that are chemically polar in nature and are not capable of hydrogen bonding (implying that a hydrogen atom directly linked with an electronegative atom is not found) are referred to as polar aprotic solvents. Some commonly used polar aprotic solvents are acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO, etc.
Oxygen Nucleophiles
Oxygen being an electron rich species with a lone pair electron, can act as a good nucleophile. Typically, oxygen nucleophiles can be found in these compounds- water, hydroxides and alcohols.
Carbon Nucleophiles
We are aware that carbon belongs to group IV and hence does not possess any lone pair of electrons. Implying that neutral carbon is not a nucleophile then how is carbon going to be nucleophilic? The answer to this is that when a carbon atom is attached to a metal (can be seen in the case of organometallic compounds), the metal atom develops a partial positive charge and carbon develops a partial negative charge, hence making carbon nucleophilic.
Answer Q 52, 53 & 54 showing clearly all working and detailed explanations
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