4.65 Water is flowing steadily through the 180° elbow shown. At the inlet to the elbow the gage pressure is 103 psi. The water dis- charges to atmospheric pressure. Assume properties are uniform over the inlet and outlet areas: A₁ = 2500 mm², A2= 650 mm², and V₁ =3 m/s. Find the horizontal component of force required to hold the elbow in place.
Fluid Pressure
The term fluid pressure is coined as, the measurement of the force per unit area of a given surface of a closed container. It is a branch of physics that helps to study the properties of fluid under various conditions of force.
Gauge Pressure
Pressure is the physical force acting per unit area on a body; the applied force is perpendicular to the surface of the object per unit area. The air around us at sea level exerts a pressure (atmospheric pressure) of about 14.7 psi but this doesn’t seem to bother anyone as the bodily fluids are constantly pushing outwards with the same force but if one swims down into the ocean a few feet below the surface one can notice the difference, there is increased pressure on the eardrum, this is due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure.
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