4.16. Determine the required area of reinforcement and the corresponding rein- forcement ratio for the section in Fig P4.1d if the ultimate moment is (a) 10,000 in-kips and (b) 5000 in-kips. f, = 60,000 psi. Comment on your solutions.
Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements
Measurement is a term that refers to analyzing a manufactured component regarding the degree of accuracy for dimensions, tolerances, geometric profile, roundness, flatness, smoothness, etc. Measurement always involves comparing the manufactured component or the prototype with a standard specimen whose dimensions and other parameters are assumed to be perfect and do not undergo changes with respect to time.Precisely in mechanical engineering the branch that deals with the application of scientific principles for measurements is known as metrology. The domain of metrology in general deals with various measurements like mechanical, chemical, thermodynamic, physical, and biological measurements. In mechanical engineering, the measurements are limited to mechanical specific such as length, mass, surface profile, flatness, roundness, viscosity, heat transfer, etc.
Basic principles of engineering metrology
Metrology is described as the science of measurement, precision, and accuracy. In other words, it is a method of measurement based on units and predefined standards.
Questions 4.16 and 4.17 are where I need help, thank you.
![-28"-
36"
36"
4"
2-2"
24"
typ
36"
36"
2-2"
typ
8"
(a) f
= 4000 psi
(b) f
= 5000 psi
(c) = 6000 psi
(d) f
= 3000 psi
%3D
FIGURE P4.1](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fad507c4b-a79b-426d-82d6-2a4b5b4fe8c1%2Fc5cdab3d-07cc-424b-ae32-21ce141b8294%2Ffnx5hbh_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![4.16. Determine the required area of reinforcement and the corresponding rein-
forcement ratio for the section in Fig P4.1d if the ultimate moment is (a)
10,000 in-kips and (b) 5000 in-kips. f, = 60,000 psi. Comment on your solutions.
4.17. A rectangular beam made using concrete with f.
= 6000 psi and steel with
f, = 60,000 psi has a width b = 20 in., an effective depth of d = 17.5 in., and
a total depth of h
elastic moduli of the concrete and steel are, respectively, E.
and E = 29,000,000 psi. The tensile steel consists of four No. 11 (No. 36) bars.
(a) Find the maximum service load moment that can be resisted without
stressing the concrete above 0.45f or the steel above 0.40f.
(b) Determine whether the beam will crack before reaching the service load.
(c) Compute the nominal flexural strength of the beam.
(d) Compute the ratio of the nominal flexural strength of the beam to the max-
imum service load moment, and compare your findings to the ACI load
factors and strength reduction factor.
20 in. The concrete modulus of rupture f, = 530 psi. The
4,030,000 psi](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fad507c4b-a79b-426d-82d6-2a4b5b4fe8c1%2Fc5cdab3d-07cc-424b-ae32-21ce141b8294%2Fjtjerse_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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