4.14 (B). A reinforced concrete beam of rectangular cross-section, b 200 mm, d (depth to reinforce- ment) = 300 mm, is reinforced in tension only, the steel ratio, i.e. the ratio of reinforcing steel area to concrete area (neglecting cover), being 1% The maximum allowable stresses in concrete and steel are 8 MN/m' and 135 MN/m2 respectively. The modular ratio may be taken as equal to 15. Determine the moment of resistance capable of being developed in the beam. [1Struct.E.] [20.9 kNm.]

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Design criteria for structural loading

The different loads such as loads due to self-weight (dead load) and external loads such as live load, wind loads, seismic load, snow load, and other loads and load combinations that influence the design of a building are called structural loading. The nature of the applied load differs from changes in the location, design, and type of materials used. The design criteria require that structures must be designed and constructed to be able to withstand all load types that are expected to act upon the structure and render its usage for the designated purpose. The structural members such as beams, slabs, columns, and foundations help the structure to withstand the applied load. There are different institutes such as ASCE and ACI that provide building design codes to assure minimum safety requirements and quality of the structures.