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4. Which level of protein structure do proteins need to function (there may be more than one correct answer)? Explain why?

4. Which level of protein structure do proteins need to function (there may be more than one correct answer)? Explain why?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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**Question:** 4. Which level of protein structure do proteins need to function (there may be more than one correct answer)? Explain why? **Explanation:** In the study of proteins, it is critical to understand the different levels of protein structure as they relate to protein function. Proteins have four levels of structure: 1. **Primary Structure**: This is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The specific sequence determines the protein's properties and functions. 2. **Secondary Structure**: This involves local folding of the polypeptide chain into structures such as α-helices and β-sheets, which are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. 3. **Tertiary Structure**: This is the overall three-dimensional structure of a single polypeptide chain, formed by the folding of the secondary structures. Interactions among various side chains (R groups) contribute to this structure. 4. **Quaternary Structure**: This level refers to the arrangement and interaction of multiple polypeptide chains (subunits) in a multi-subunit protein. It is generally accepted that a protein must achieve at least its tertiary structure to be functional, as this level of folding is typically where the protein's active site forms and is able to interact with other molecules. Sometimes, proteins also require a quaternary structure, especially if they function as part of a complex or aggregate. Thus, the tertiary and quaternary structures are crucial for the protein's functionality due to the specific folding and arrangement that enable the protein's biological activity. **Graphs/Diagrams:** There are no graphs or diagrams presented in the image. --- This breakdown of protein structures helps students grasp how each level of structure contributes to the overall function and efficiency of proteins within biological systems.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** 4. Which level of protein structure do proteins need to function (there may be more than one correct answer)? Explain why? **Explanation:** In the study of proteins, it is critical to understand the different levels of protein structure as they relate to protein function. Proteins have four levels of structure: 1. **Primary Structure**: This is the linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. The specific sequence determines the protein's properties and functions. 2. **Secondary Structure**: This involves local folding of the polypeptide chain into structures such as α-helices and β-sheets, which are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. 3. **Tertiary Structure**: This is the overall three-dimensional structure of a single polypeptide chain, formed by the folding of the secondary structures. Interactions among various side chains (R groups) contribute to this structure. 4. **Quaternary Structure**: This level refers to the arrangement and interaction of multiple polypeptide chains (subunits) in a multi-subunit protein. It is generally accepted that a protein must achieve at least its tertiary structure to be functional, as this level of folding is typically where the protein's active site forms and is able to interact with other molecules. Sometimes, proteins also require a quaternary structure, especially if they function as part of a complex or aggregate. Thus, the tertiary and quaternary structures are crucial for the protein's functionality due to the specific folding and arrangement that enable the protein's biological activity. **Graphs/Diagrams:** There are no graphs or diagrams presented in the image. --- This breakdown of protein structures helps students grasp how each level of structure contributes to the overall function and efficiency of proteins within biological systems.
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