4. The table below gives the number of US Senators, from each party, spending federal dollars in eachof three spending classes. The table is set up to help you calculate x? so there are blanks provided inaddition to the data:Fill in the contingency tables for the Expected Frequencies (work to 2 decimal places):SpendingLess than6 to 11 BillionMore thanParty6 Billion11 BillionRepublican15 -22 -- -Democrat12-16 -- 6Tb. Calculate the differences between the observed frequencies and the expected frequenciesand fill in above.C.Calculate x and the degrees of freedom.Ans.Ans.d. Use this information to do a Chi Squared test to determine the validity of the claim thatfederal spending is independent of political party at the a =.05 level. Use the worksheet onthe following page.

(4) Given Information: Party / Spending Less than 6 Billion 6 to 11 Billion More than 11 Billion Total Republican 8 15 22 45 Democrat 12 19 16 47 Total 20 34 38 92 State the Hypothesis as follows: Null Hypothesis: H0: Federal Spending is independent of Political Party. Alternative Hypothesis Ha: Federal Spending is not independent of political party (dependent) (a) Expected frequencies are calculated as follows: E=corresponding row total×corresponding column total/Grand Total Party / Spending Less than 6 Billion 6 to 11 Billion More than 11 Billion Total Republican 45×2092=9.78 45×3492=16.63 45×3892=18.59 45 Democrat 47×2092=10.22 47×3492=17.37 45×3892=19.41 47 Total 20 34 38 92 (b) To calculate the differences between observed frequencies and expected frequencies: Party / Spending Less than 6 Billion 6 to 11 Billion More than 11 Billion Total Republican 8 - 9.78 = -1.78 15 - 16.63 = -1.63 22 - 18.59 = 3.41 45 Democrat 12 - 10.22 = 1.78 19 - 17.37 = 1.63 16 - 19.41 = -3.41 47 Total 20 34 38 92 (c) Calculation of the test statistic: Formula: χ2=∑ifo-fe2fe=-1.7829.78+-1.63216.63+3.41218.59+1.78210.22+1.63217.37+-3.41219.41=0.323967+0.159765+0.625503+0.31002+0.152959+0.599078=2.171292 Thus, the value of the test statistic is 2.1713 Degrees of freedom is calculated as follows: df=r-1c-1=2-13-1=2 (where, r is the number of rows and c is the number of columns) Thus, degrees of freedom is 2 (d) Using a Chi-square table, critical value at 2 degrees of freedom and 0.05 significance level is 5.9915 Since, computed value of the test statistic is less than the critical value, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Thus, we conclude that "Federal Spending" and "Political party " are independent. Since, there are multiple questions, we have solved one question for you. To get remaining questions solved, please repost the complete question and mention the parts to be solved.

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4. The table below gives the number of US Senators, from each party, spending federal dollars in each of three spending classes. The table is set up to help you calculate x so there are blanks provided in addition to the data: a. Fill in the contingency tables for the Expected Frequencies (work to 2 decimal places): Less than 6 Billion Spending 6 to 11 Billion More than Party 11 Billion Republican 15- 22 Democrat 16 6T b. Calculate the differences between the observed frequencies and the expected frequencies and fill in above. c. Calculate x and the degrees of freedom. Ans. Ans. d. Use this information to do a Chi Squared test to determine the validity of the claim that federal spending is independent of political party at the a = .05 level. Use the worksheet o the following page.

4. The table below gives the number of US Senators, from each party, spending federal dollars in each of three spending classes. The table is set up to help you calculate x so there are blanks provided in addition to the data: a. Fill in the contingency tables for the Expected Frequencies (work to 2 decimal places): Less than 6 Billion Spending 6 to 11 Billion More than Party 11 Billion Republican 15- 22 Democrat 16 6T b. Calculate the differences between the observed frequencies and the expected frequencies and fill in above. c. Calculate x and the degrees of freedom. Ans. Ans. d. Use this information to do a Chi Squared test to determine the validity of the claim that federal spending is independent of political party at the a = .05 level. Use the worksheet o the following page.

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications

6th Edition

ISBN:9781119256830

Author:Amos Gilat

Publisher:Amos Gilat

Chapter1: Starting With Matlab

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Continuous Probability Distributions

Probability distributions are of two types, which are continuous probability distributions and discrete probability distributions. A continuous probability distribution contains an infinite number of values. For example, if time is infinite: you could count from 0 to a trillion seconds, billion seconds, so on indefinitely. A discrete probability distribution consists of only a countable set of possible values.

Normal Distribution

Suppose we had to design a bathroom weighing scale, how would we decide what should be the range of the weighing machine? Would we take the highest recorded human weight in history and use that as the upper limit for our weighing scale? This may not be a great idea as the sensitivity of the scale would get reduced if the range is too large. At the same time, if we keep the upper limit too low, it may not be usable for a large percentage of the population!

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4. The table below gives the number of US Senators, from each party, spending federal dollars in each
of three spending classes. The table is set up to help you calculate x? so there are blanks provided in
addition to the data:
Fill in the contingency tables for the Expected Frequencies (work to 2 decimal places):
Spending
Less than
6 to 11 Billion
More than
Party
6 Billion
11 Billion
Republican
15 -
22 -
- -
Democrat
12-
16 -
- 6T
b. Calculate the differences between the observed frequencies and the expected frequencies
and fill in above.
C.
Calculate x and the degrees of freedom.
Ans.
Ans.
d. Use this information to do a Chi Squared test to determine the validity of the claim that
federal spending is independent of political party at the a =.05 level. Use the worksheet on
the following page.

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