### Glycolysis and Free Energy Change#### 4. Reaction and Free Energy in GlycolysisThe glycolytic pathway involves several key reactions, one of which is indicated below. The reaction shows the equilibrium between glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), with a standard free energy change (ΔG°'):\[ \text{Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P)} \leftrightarrow \text{Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P)}\]The standard free energy change for this reaction is +0.4 kcal/mol.#### C) Steady-State Concentrations and Reaction DirectionGiven the steady-state concentrations in the cell at 25°C:- \[ \text{[G6P]} = 0.675 \, \text{mM} \]- \[ \text{[F6P]} = 0.0969 \, \text{mM} \]Determine the direction in which the reaction proceeds by calculating the actual free energy change under these conditions.**Calculations:**1. **Convert concentrations to Molarity:** \[ \text{[G6P]} = 0.675 \, \text{mM} = 6.75 \times 10^{-4} \, \text{M} \] \[ \text{[F6P]} = 0.0969 \, \text{mM} = 9.69 \times 10^{-5} \, \text{M} \]2. **Use the Gibbs free energy equation:** The actual free energy change (ΔG) can be calculated using the formula: \[ ΔG = ΔG°' + RT \ln \left(\frac{\text{[Products]}}{\text{[Reactants]}}\right) \] Where: - \( R \) is the universal gas constant \( (1.987 \, \text{cal/mol·K}) \) - \( T \) is the temperature in Kelvin (298 K, since \( 25°C = 298 K \)) \[ ΔG = 0.4 \, \text{kcal/mol} + 0.001987 \, \text{kcal

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4. The reaction shown below is part of the glycolytic pathway. The standard free energy change for this reaction is +0.4 kcal/mol. Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) → Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) C) Steady-state concentrations of these compounds in the cell (at 25°C) are 0.675 mM G6P and 0.0969 mM F6P. In which direction is this reaction allowed to proceed in the cell? (show calculations)

4. The reaction shown below is part of the glycolytic pathway. The standard free energy change for this reaction is +0.4 kcal/mol. Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) → Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) C) Steady-state concentrations of these compounds in the cell (at 25°C) are 0.675 mM G6P and 0.0969 mM F6P. In which direction is this reaction allowed to proceed in the cell? (show calculations)

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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