4. Provide a mechanism for the formation of polystyrene from styrene as shown below. Cer steps in the process have well-established names (e.g., initiation...); include those la where appropriate. styrene ROOR heat RO Ph Ph Ph Ph = C6H5= H. H Ph Ph H H H OR
4. Provide a mechanism for the formation of polystyrene from styrene as shown below. Cer steps in the process have well-established names (e.g., initiation...); include those la where appropriate. styrene ROOR heat RO Ph Ph Ph Ph = C6H5= H. H Ph Ph H H H OR
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![**Polystyrene Formation from Styrene: Mechanism and Explanation**
**Objective:**
To understand the mechanism for the formation of polystyrene from styrene monomers, including key reaction steps such as initiation, propagation, and termination.
**Process Overview:**
1. **Starting Material:**
- **Styrene**: It is the monomer used in the polymerization process. The chemical structure is represented by a vinyl group (C=C) attached to a phenyl group (Ph = C6H5).
2. **Initiation:**
- Utilizes an initiator (such as ROOR) and heat. This decomposes to form radicals that start the polymerization.
- The radical (RO•) reacts with a styrene monomer, forming an activated styrene radical.
3. **Propagation:**
- The activated styrene radical reacts with another styrene monomer, creating a growing polymer chain with a radical at the end.
- This step continues with the addition of multiple styrene units, lengthening the polymer chain.
4. **Termination:**
- Can occur through various mechanisms including combination or disproportionation of radical ends resulting in a final polystyrene chain without any reactive ends.
**Polymer Structure:**
- The repeating unit is polystyrene represented as: -[CH2-CH(Ph)]n-.
- Here, [CH2-CH(Ph)] represents the backbone of the polystyrene, where Ph (C6H5) is the phenyl group attached to every other carbon atom.
**Diagram Explanation:**
- The diagram presents the transformation starting with a styrene molecule. The arrow direction indicates reaction progression leading to the formation of polystyrene.
- A polymer chain segment is shown with repeating units displayed, each bearing a phenyl group (Ph) attached to the second carbon of the vinyl group.
- The polymer chain is bracketed with an 'n' subscript denoting the number of repeating units, indicating the formation of a long polystyrene chain.
Understanding and utilizing this mechanism allows the synthesis of polystyrene with varying molecular weights, crucial for applications in packaging, insulation, and consumer goods.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F335d6cef-e110-4df1-b3c9-cf74ce65a19c%2F5be6bd6c-0834-486a-a519-78a5438faccc%2Fhxnxksl_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Polystyrene Formation from Styrene: Mechanism and Explanation**
**Objective:**
To understand the mechanism for the formation of polystyrene from styrene monomers, including key reaction steps such as initiation, propagation, and termination.
**Process Overview:**
1. **Starting Material:**
- **Styrene**: It is the monomer used in the polymerization process. The chemical structure is represented by a vinyl group (C=C) attached to a phenyl group (Ph = C6H5).
2. **Initiation:**
- Utilizes an initiator (such as ROOR) and heat. This decomposes to form radicals that start the polymerization.
- The radical (RO•) reacts with a styrene monomer, forming an activated styrene radical.
3. **Propagation:**
- The activated styrene radical reacts with another styrene monomer, creating a growing polymer chain with a radical at the end.
- This step continues with the addition of multiple styrene units, lengthening the polymer chain.
4. **Termination:**
- Can occur through various mechanisms including combination or disproportionation of radical ends resulting in a final polystyrene chain without any reactive ends.
**Polymer Structure:**
- The repeating unit is polystyrene represented as: -[CH2-CH(Ph)]n-.
- Here, [CH2-CH(Ph)] represents the backbone of the polystyrene, where Ph (C6H5) is the phenyl group attached to every other carbon atom.
**Diagram Explanation:**
- The diagram presents the transformation starting with a styrene molecule. The arrow direction indicates reaction progression leading to the formation of polystyrene.
- A polymer chain segment is shown with repeating units displayed, each bearing a phenyl group (Ph) attached to the second carbon of the vinyl group.
- The polymer chain is bracketed with an 'n' subscript denoting the number of repeating units, indicating the formation of a long polystyrene chain.
Understanding and utilizing this mechanism allows the synthesis of polystyrene with varying molecular weights, crucial for applications in packaging, insulation, and consumer goods.
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