4. Prove that g.c.d. {p(m), o (n)} > 1 unless either m or n equals 2 or 1. [Hint: Use Exercise 4 of Section 6-1.] Exercise 4 of Section 6.1 is here for reference: 4. Suppose that f(m) = 0 (mod p) and that ptf'(m), where p is a prime. Use Exercise 3 to prove that there exists an r (unique modulo p) such that f(m + rp') = 0 (mod p²+¹).

Q: Exercise 3. Let x € R. If x > 1, prove by induction that r" >x for every integer n > 2. If 0 2.

A: To prove if x>1, xn>x for every integer n≥2 For n=2 x2>x…

Q: e) Define W: Z -Z and V: Z → Z by the rules W(a) = a² and V(a) = a mod 5 for all integers a. Find…

A:

Q: 5.2.6 Prove by induction that, for all n E N, 1 1.2+2.3+3.4+ · .+n(n+1) = ;n(n+1)(n+2) ...

A: Given statement is 1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n(n+1)=13n(n+1)(n+2). Induction proof is done in following steps.…

Q: Let a, b c and d be real numbers. Show that ab-cd = b(a-c)+c(b-d), and deduce that |ab - cd| ≤…

A:

Q: 6.2.6 (a) Prove that P(A) UP(B) C P(AU B). Provide a counter-example to show that we do not expect…

A: Answer

Q: 14. Let (a, b) = 1 and 2 = y for some integers x and y. Then prove that there exists an integer n…

A:

Q: 4.6.9 Parts a and b

A:

Q: Let A = {r € Z | r mod 15 = 5} and B = {x € Z| r mod 3 = 2}. Give an outline of a proof that A C B,…

A: Suppose we have two non-empty sets A and B . If x∈A then x∈B for all x∈A then A⊆B . If x∈B then x∈A…

Q: Let p E Z be a prime number and set Zp = {- e Q : If gcd(n, m) = 1, then p m}. a. Show that Zp 1 Q.

A: Solution

Q: Show that if m e Z+ and a e Z such that gcd(a, m) = 1 and ordma = m – 1, then m is prime.

A:

Q: 13. Use induction on k to EIR", then X₁1 | x,t... Xklls x + prove that if +||XK||

A:

Q: 1.13 Let the numbers 9₁,92, 93,... be defined by 91=2, gn = 3qn-1 - 1 (n ≥ 2). Show by induction…

A: Mathematical induction is a method of solving mathematical problems. This method has 3 steps:(1)…

Q: 7. Prove that p(m) = 4(2m) if and only if m is odd.

A:

Q: Fn denote the nth Fibonacci number.

A: Given,              A=1110 To prove that,              An=Fn+1FnFnFn-1

Q: 6) Prove that ni 7n² for every integer nz4,whereas. n 7 n3 2 farevery integer n$6.

A: We have to proof by induction process

Q: Q6. Using the definition of x = y mod N, justify the rule x = x' mod N, y = y' mod N = x x x' = y x…

A: Using the definition of modulo N.

Q: 6. Let a € Z and assume that gcd(a, 55) = 1. Prove that a40= 1 (mod 55). (Hint: Fermat's little…

A:

Q: Prove that pork = pur in O₂ if and only if 0 w = 2m for some m€ Z and k = 1 (mod 2)

A: To prove that ρθrk=ρωrl in Ο2 if and only if θ-ω=2πm for some m∈ℤ  and k¯≡ l¯mod 2.

Q: 4. Let f(x) = r3 +x² – 3x – 1. It is known that f(2) = 0(mod 5). (i). Find a solution to f(r) =…

A: The given function is fx=x3+x2-3x-1. It is known that f2≡0 mod 5. (i) Find a solution to fx≡0 mod…

Q: Exercise 5.11. Consider the natural numbers 2 and 7, which happen to be relatively prime. Find…

A:

Q: Exercise 4.6. Compute the following quantities: (A) 123 DIV 10 (B) 123 MOD 10 (C) 2178 DIV 9 (D)…

A: using the concept of division algorithm and modulo...

Q: 6. Let pe Z be prime and n E Zt. Prove that the largest power of p which divides n! is given by…

A:

Q: 5. The Fibonacci numbers are defined as: fo = 0 , fi = 1 , and fn = fn-1 + fn-2 , for n > 2. Give a…

A:

Q: Let a and b be integers, not both 0. Show that there are infinitely many pairs s,t of integers such…

A: We will first show that  there are infinitely many pairs s,t of  integers such that :as+bt=0 Now, we…

Q: brvib - If m is composite, what is the value (m – 1)! mod m in the standard residue system? Conclude…

A:

Q: 11. If p is a prime and p divides 4.":,, thenp divides " for some i.

A:

Q: 1.27. Without using the fact that every integer has a unique factorization into 1 and if a | bc,…

A:

Q: 2. Let f: Z-Z be given by the following rule: x+6 x=0 x = 1 x+8 x 2 f(x)=x+5 (mod 3) (mod 3) (mod 3)…

A: The given function is, fx=x+6x≡0 mod3x+5x≡1 mod3x+8x≡2 mod3 To Find: (a) Example to show that f is…

Q: (a) Prove that () = 1, (n) = 1, and (^)= (₁ = ¹) + n if 1≤k ≤n-1. (b) Use part (a) and induction to…

A:

Q: 2.3. Let g be a primitive root for Fp. (a) Suppose that x = a and x = b are both integer solutions…

A:

Q: 6. Let Fn 22" + 1, n > 1, be a prime Fermat number. Show that 3 is a primitive root modulo Fn.

A: Given: Fn=22n+1,n>1

Q: compute: 11 31*

A: Let ⊕:Z37⊕ + Z37⊕  →Z37⊕ be defined as a⊕b=(a+b)mod 37

Q: Prove that xk = x* mod |G| for x € G for any integer k.

A: Prove it considering two cases.

Q: 11.5. For each part, find an x that solves the given simultaneous congruences. (a) x = 3 (mod 7) and…

A:

Q: Suppose that m, n are two integers such that m3 – 2n2 = 1. Does it follow that m and n are…

A:

Q: Exercise 8: Let x ER\Z, and suppose x has a finite number of decimal places. Let n be the numbe of…

A:

Q: 1 S = 0 1000 100,000 10 € = (†)* (k ≥ 1). " 2n-1 (1) ²¹—¹, ...}, 10

A:

Q: 1.18. Suppose that gª = 1 (mod m) and that g³ = 1 (mod m). Prove that gecd(a,b) = 1 (mod m).

A:

Q: Let m = p₁¹p²²ª...p"² and n = p₁¹p2...pt where p₁,..., Ps are distinct prime numbers ans ri, ti ≥ 0…

A: Given that  and , where  are distinct prime numbers and  for all .We need to prove that:, where  for…

Q: 5. Find all integers r with 0 < a < 10 satisfying the following congruence relations. If no such r…

A:

Q: 3. Prove: P[N=1 Ak] >1- £P[A]

A: Boole's inequality(or the union bound) states that for any at most countable collection of events,…

Q: Let n € Z. Prove that (n + 1)² – 1 is even if and only if n is even

A:

Q: Exercise 2.4.7. Let n be an integer. Using only the fact that every integer is even or odd, and…

A:

Q: Q3. Prove that if kx = ky (mod m), then x = y (mod m/d) where d = g Q4. Find the remainder when…

A: 4 We have to find the remainder when 51999!−31997! is divided by 2003 that is we have to evaluate…

Q: 3) Let II" , m i=1 where p1 0 integers. Show that d eN is a divisor of m if and only d = II p§ª…

A: Prove the theorem.

Q: 12. Determine which of the following functions are onto. (a) r:Z36 → Z36; r(n) = 5n (mod 36). (b) s:…

A: All are onto see the argument on step 2

Q: prove that and = nd(n)/2

A: