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4. Determination of sodium and potassium in blood or serum by low temperature flame emission on simple instruments is complicated by the instability of the flame and the complexity of the matrix. One way to overcome the problems is to add an excess of lithium to serve as an internal standard. To be a good internal standard, lithium emission responds similarly to the emissions of Na and K to changes in the flame conditions. The responses found for calibration solutions shown in the top table are listed in the bottom table. Concentration (ppm) Sample Na K Li A 0.5 0.5 500 B 1.0 1.0 500 C 5.0 5.0 500 D 10.0 10.0 500 Signal (relative to Na in 1.0 ppm Na sample) Sample Na K Li A 0.43 0.57 31.2 B 1.00 1.25 36.3 C 4.9 6.4 36.2 D 8.8 11.7 31.7 (a) Generate the calibration plots for Na and K with Li as internal standard. (b) A blood sample of 10.0 μL was diluted in 2.00 mL of 500 ppm Li solution and was fed into the spectrometer. The readings were Na =13.6, K=1.34, and Li = 30.4. What are the serum concentrations of Na and K in mM? Assume Na and K do not interfere with each other.

4. Determination of sodium and potassium in blood or serum by low temperature flame emission on simple instruments is complicated by the instability of the flame and the complexity of the matrix. One way to overcome the problems is to add an excess of lithium to serve as an internal standard. To be a good internal standard, lithium emission responds similarly to the emissions of Na and K to changes in the flame conditions. The responses found for calibration solutions shown in the top table are listed in the bottom table. Concentration (ppm) Sample Na K Li A 0.5 0.5 500 B 1.0 1.0 500 C 5.0 5.0 500 D 10.0 10.0 500 Signal (relative to Na in 1.0 ppm Na sample) Sample Na K Li A 0.43 0.57 31.2 B 1.00 1.25 36.3 C 4.9 6.4 36.2 D 8.8 11.7 31.7 (a) Generate the calibration plots for Na and K with Li as internal standard. (b) A blood sample of 10.0 μL was diluted in 2.00 mL of 500 ppm Li solution and was fed into the spectrometer. The readings were Na =13.6, K=1.34, and Li = 30.4. What are the serum concentrations of Na and K in mM? Assume Na and K do not interfere with each other.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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4. Determination of sodium and potassium in blood or serum by low temperature flame emission on simple instruments is complicated by the instability of the flame and the complexity of the matrix. One way to overcome the problems is to add an excess of lithium to serve as an internal standard. To be a good internal standard, lithium emission responds similarly to the emissions of Na and K to changes in the flame conditions. The responses found for calibration solutions shown in the top table are listed in the bottom table. Concentration (ppm) Sample Na K Li A 0.5 0.5 500 B 1.0 1.0 500 C 5.0 5.0 500 D 10.0 10.0 500 Signal (relative to Na in 1.0 ppm Na sample) Sample Na K Li A 0.43 0.57 31.2 B 1.00 1.25 36.3 C 4.9 6.4 36.2 D 8.8 11.7 31.7 (a) Generate the calibration plots for Na and K with Li as internal standard. (b) A blood sample of 10.0 μL was diluted in 2.00 mL of 500 ppm Li solution and was fed into the spectrometer. The readings were Na =13.6, K=1.34, and Li = 30.4. What are the serum concentrations of Na and K in mM? Assume Na and K do not interfere with each other.
Transcribed Image Text:4. Determination of sodium and potassium in blood or serum by low temperature flame emission on simple instruments is complicated by the instability of the flame and the complexity of the matrix. One way to overcome the problems is to add an excess of lithium to serve as an internal standard. To be a good internal standard, lithium emission responds similarly to the emissions of Na and K to changes in the flame conditions. The responses found for calibration solutions shown in the top table are listed in the bottom table. Concentration (ppm) Sample Na K Li A 0.5 0.5 500 B 1.0 1.0 500 C 5.0 5.0 500 D 10.0 10.0 500 Signal (relative to Na in 1.0 ppm Na sample) Sample Na K Li A 0.43 0.57 31.2 B 1.00 1.25 36.3 C 4.9 6.4 36.2 D 8.8 11.7 31.7 (a) Generate the calibration plots for Na and K with Li as internal standard. (b) A blood sample of 10.0 μL was diluted in 2.00 mL of 500 ppm Li solution and was fed into the spectrometer. The readings were Na =13.6, K=1.34, and Li = 30.4. What are the serum concentrations of Na and K in mM? Assume Na and K do not interfere with each other.
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