4. A conductivity cell was calibrated with 0.02 M KCl solution (K = 0.002768 S cm-1) and the resistance at 298 K was 457.3 ohms. When a 0.01 M solution of CaCl2 was placed in the cell, the measured resistance was 1050 ohms. Calculate (a) the cell constant; (b) the conductivity and (c) the molar conductivity of the CaCl2 solution. [1.266; 1.206 x 10-3; 120.6]
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
Please help me answer 4. Answer on bracket. Thank you.
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4. A conductivity cell was calibrated with 0.02 M KCl solution (K = 0.002768 S cm-1)
%3D
and the resistance at 298 K was 457.3 ohms. When a 0.01 M solution of CaCl2 was
placed in the cell, the measured resistance was 1050 ohms. Calculate (a) the cell
constant; (b) the conductivity and (c) the molar conductivity of the CaClh solution.
[1.266; 1.206 x 10-3; 120.6]
5. The limiting molar conductivities, A°, of KCl, KNO3 and AgNO3 are 149 S cm? mol1,
145.0 S cm2 nmoll and 133.4 S cm2 mol-1, respectively at 25°C. What is the limiting
molar conductivity of AgCl at this temperature?
[137.4]
6. Given the following molar conductivities at infinite dilution: sodium propionate
(NaPr), 85.92 S cm? mol-1; hydrochloric acid, 426.04 S cm2 mol-1; and sodium chloride,
126.42 S cm? mol-1. Calculate the molar conductivity at infinite dilution of an aqueous
solution of propionic acid (HPr).
[385.5]
7. The conductivitv of a saturated solution of SRSO. at 298 K is found to be 1.482 x 104
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