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Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry
13th Edition
ISBN:9781133382119
Author:Swokowski
Publisher:Swokowski
Chapter8: Applications Of Trigonometry
Section8.3: Vectors
Problem 11E
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### Linear Algebra Vector Operations

In this section, we explore some fundamental operations involving vectors. Let’s consider the following vectors for our examples:

\[ \mathbf{u} = \begin{bmatrix}
-1 \\
2
\end{bmatrix} , \quad \mathbf{v} = \begin{bmatrix}
2 \\
3
\end{bmatrix} , \quad \mathbf{w} = \begin{bmatrix}
3 \\
-1 \\
-5
\end{bmatrix} , \quad \mathbf{x} = \begin{bmatrix}
6 \\
-2 \\
3
\end{bmatrix} \]

We will examine and compute the following operations:

1. **Dot Product Operations**:
   - \( \mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{u} \)
   - \( \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{u} \)
   - \( \frac{\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{u}}{\mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{u}} \)

2. **Dot Product with Different Vectors**:
   - \( \mathbf{w} \cdot \mathbf{w} \)
   - \( \mathbf{x} \cdot \mathbf{w} \)
   - \( \frac{\mathbf{x} \cdot \mathbf{w}}{\mathbf{w} \cdot \mathbf{w}} \)

3. **Scalar Multiplications**:
   - \( \frac{1}{\mathbf{w} \cdot \mathbf{w}} \mathbf{w} \)

4. **Projection of \( \mathbf{u} \) onto Itself**:
   - \( \frac{1}{\mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{u}} \mathbf{u} \)

5. **Projection of \( \mathbf{u} \) onto \( \mathbf{v} \)**:
   - \( \left( \frac{\mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{v}}{\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{v}} \right) \mathbf{v} \)

### Detailed Explanations

- **Dot Product**: The dot product of two vectors \( \mathbf{a} \) and \( \mathbf{b} \) is given by \( \mathbf{a} \cd
Transcribed Image Text:### Linear Algebra Vector Operations In this section, we explore some fundamental operations involving vectors. Let’s consider the following vectors for our examples: \[ \mathbf{u} = \begin{bmatrix} -1 \\ 2 \end{bmatrix} , \quad \mathbf{v} = \begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ 3 \end{bmatrix} , \quad \mathbf{w} = \begin{bmatrix} 3 \\ -1 \\ -5 \end{bmatrix} , \quad \mathbf{x} = \begin{bmatrix} 6 \\ -2 \\ 3 \end{bmatrix} \] We will examine and compute the following operations: 1. **Dot Product Operations**: - \( \mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{u} \) - \( \mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{u} \) - \( \frac{\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{u}}{\mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{u}} \) 2. **Dot Product with Different Vectors**: - \( \mathbf{w} \cdot \mathbf{w} \) - \( \mathbf{x} \cdot \mathbf{w} \) - \( \frac{\mathbf{x} \cdot \mathbf{w}}{\mathbf{w} \cdot \mathbf{w}} \) 3. **Scalar Multiplications**: - \( \frac{1}{\mathbf{w} \cdot \mathbf{w}} \mathbf{w} \) 4. **Projection of \( \mathbf{u} \) onto Itself**: - \( \frac{1}{\mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{u}} \mathbf{u} \) 5. **Projection of \( \mathbf{u} \) onto \( \mathbf{v} \)**: - \( \left( \frac{\mathbf{u} \cdot \mathbf{v}}{\mathbf{v} \cdot \mathbf{v}} \right) \mathbf{v} \) ### Detailed Explanations - **Dot Product**: The dot product of two vectors \( \mathbf{a} \) and \( \mathbf{b} \) is given by \( \mathbf{a} \cd
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