4) One research question that could be posed using the available data: “Is there an advantage to being a Never smoker when it comes to CoVID-19 severity?” Essentially, we would like to know if the rate of High CoVID-19 severity is lower for Never smokers than it is for Current/Former smokers. Determine a method that would be appropriate for answering this research question. Using StatCrunch* and the available data, perform the statistical procedure deemed appropriate.   Hint: In order to adequately answer this question, you will need to perform an additional statistical procedure and go beyond the CI estimates already constructed in Questions 2-3 above. a. What method did you use to answer the research question e.g., One-Sample t-Test for Means? b. Why did you select this particular method to answer the research question? c. In one to two complete sentences, summarize and interpret the relevant findings of your analysis in the context of the research question i.e., what do the findings suggest about the impact of smoking history on CoVID-19 severity? d. If your findings in 4c were surprising, what might we be missing? Suggest another factor or factors that might be missing in the current study, leading us to this surprising result.

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4) One research question that could be posed using the available data: “Is there an advantage to being a Never smoker when it comes to CoVID-19 severity?” Essentially, we would like to know if the rate of High CoVID-19 severity is lower for Never smokers than it is for Current/Former smokers.

Determine a method that would be appropriate for answering this research question. Using StatCrunch* and the available data, perform the statistical procedure deemed appropriate.  

Hint: In order to adequately answer this question, you will need to perform an additional statistical procedure and go beyond the CI estimates already constructed in Questions 2-3 above.

a. What method did you use to answer the research question e.g., One-Sample t-Test for Means?

b. Why did you select this particular method to answer the research question?

c. In one to two complete sentences, summarize and interpret the relevant findings of your analysis in the context of the research question i.e., what do the findings suggest about the impact of smoking history on CoVID-19 severity?

d. If your findings in 4c were surprising, what might we be missing? Suggest another factor or factors that might be missing in the current study, leading us to this surprising result.

### Smoking History and COVID-19 Severity

This table shows the relationship between smoking history and the severity of COVID-19 cases.

| Smoking History | CoVID-19 Severity |
|-----------------|-------------------|
|                 | **Low**           | **High**          |
| **Current**     | 87                | 15                |
| **Former**      | 43                | 9                 |
| **Never**       | 136               | 64                |

#### Explanation:
- **Smoking History**: This column categorizes individuals based on their smoking history: Current smokers, Former smokers, and those who Never smoked.
- **CoVID-19 Severity**: This column divides the individuals into two groups based on the severity of their COVID-19 infection: Low and High.

- **Current Smokers**: Among current smokers, 87 cases were of low severity, and 15 were of high severity.
- **Former Smokers**: Among former smokers, 43 cases were of low severity, while 9 were of high severity.
- **Never Smokers**: Among those who never smoked, 136 cases showed low severity, whereas 64 were of high severity.

This data suggests a correlation between smoking history and the severity of COVID-19 infections.
Transcribed Image Text:### Smoking History and COVID-19 Severity This table shows the relationship between smoking history and the severity of COVID-19 cases. | Smoking History | CoVID-19 Severity | |-----------------|-------------------| | | **Low** | **High** | | **Current** | 87 | 15 | | **Former** | 43 | 9 | | **Never** | 136 | 64 | #### Explanation: - **Smoking History**: This column categorizes individuals based on their smoking history: Current smokers, Former smokers, and those who Never smoked. - **CoVID-19 Severity**: This column divides the individuals into two groups based on the severity of their COVID-19 infection: Low and High. - **Current Smokers**: Among current smokers, 87 cases were of low severity, and 15 were of high severity. - **Former Smokers**: Among former smokers, 43 cases were of low severity, while 9 were of high severity. - **Never Smokers**: Among those who never smoked, 136 cases showed low severity, whereas 64 were of high severity. This data suggests a correlation between smoking history and the severity of COVID-19 infections.
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