32. A hardware company sells a lot of low-cost, highvolume products. For one such product, it is equallylikely that annual unit sales will be low or high. Ifsales are low (30,000), the company can sell theproduct for $20 per unit. If sales are high (70,000),a competitor will enter and the company will be ableto sell the product for only $15 per unit. The variablecost per unit has a 20% chance of being $10, a 60%chance of being $11, and a 20% chance of being $12.Annual fixed costs are $20,000.a. Use simulation to estimate the company’s expectedannual profit.b. Find a 95% interval for the company’s annualprofit, that is, an interval such that about 95% ofthe actual profits are inside it.c. Now suppose that annual unit sales, variable cost,and unit price are equal to their respective expectedvalues—that is, there is no uncertainty. Determinethe company’s annual profit for this scenario.d. Can you conclude from the results in parts a and cthat the expected profit from a simulation is equalto the profit from the scenario where each inputassumes its expected value? Explain.
32. A hardware company sells a lot of low-cost, highvolume products. For one such product, it is equallylikely that annual unit sales will be low or high. Ifsales are low (30,000), the company can sell theproduct for $20 per unit. If sales are high (70,000),a competitor will enter and the company will be ableto sell the product for only $15 per unit. The variablecost per unit has a 20% chance of being $10, a 60%chance of being $11, and a 20% chance of being $12.Annual fixed costs are $20,000.
a. Use simulation to estimate the company’s expectedannual profit.
b. Find a 95% interval for the company’s annualprofit, that is, an interval such that about 95% ofthe actual profits are inside it.c. Now suppose that annual unit sales, variable cost,and unit price are equal to their respective expectedvalues—that is, there is no uncertainty. Determinethe company’s annual profit for this scenario.d. Can you conclude from the results in parts a and cthat the expected profit from a simulation is equalto the profit from the scenario where each inputassumes its
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