3.28-C CE Board May 2012 A lapped, bolted tension member is shown. Diameter of bolts are 18 mm Ø and the plate material is A 36 steel Fy = 250 MPa., Fu = 400 MPa. Assume the fasteners are adequate and do not control the tensile capacity. Diameter of hole is 3 mm bigger than the diam. of bolt. P P- 11 mm SPO 1 mm 75 8. 100 75 P 300 -P 37.5 75 75 37.5 Determine the tensile capacity of the Japped joint based on gross area. Determine the tensile capacity of the lapped joint based on net area. 3 Determine the tensile capacity of the lapped joint based on block shear strength.

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Bars

In civil engineering, bars refer to steel reinforcement bars or rebars. These are structural members primarily used for reinforcement purposes in masonry works. A bar is characterized by its cross-sectional area, which is negligible compared to its length. Bars are usually manufactured by steel which is uniform throughout the length, or by meshing multiple steel wires. Other materials of the bar include carbon steel, glass fiber, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber. The reinforcing bars are coated with epoxy resins and other materials to enhance some of their properties including corrosion resistance.