3. The U.S. produces about 4.4 metric tons (4,400 kg) of carbon per person per year. The purpose of this problem is to confirm this number and to estimate the temperature change associated with the global carbon footprint. A. Calculate the carbon emissions per person per year in the U.S. Use the energy and carbon intensity data in Table 3. The U.S. consumes about 106 EJ of energy per year. The U.S. population is about 328 million. Compare your answer to the expected value of 16.2 kg of CO2 or 4,400 kg C per person per year. Table 3: U.S. Energy Data Contribution to U.S. Energy (%) Carbon Intensity (g C/MJ) Petroleum 37% 19.7 Coal 11% 24.2 Natural gas Nuclear and renewables 32% 13.8 19% 101², P = peta = 1015, and E = exa = 10'8 M = mega = 10°, G = giga = 10°, T = tera 1 metric ton = 1,000 kg Source: US Energy Information Administration (www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts) B. The global average carbon footprint is about 1,400 kg of carbon per person per year for 7.7 billion people (2014 data, Boden et al., 2017). Translate this value into an annual increase in CO2 concentration in the atmos- phere in ppm. Assume 40% of the emitted carbon remains in the atmosphere. C. There is a growing consensus that a 1.5°C temperature increase over the preindustrial temperature would result in permanent changes to the environment. The temperature now is about 1°C above the preindustrial temperature. Using your answers from Part B, how long can we continue to produce carbon dioxide before the global temper- ature increases 0.5 more degree Celsius? Assume the CO2 concentration now is 411 ppm.
3. The U.S. produces about 4.4 metric tons (4,400 kg) of carbon per person per year. The purpose of this problem is to confirm this number and to estimate the temperature change associated with the global carbon footprint. A. Calculate the carbon emissions per person per year in the U.S. Use the energy and carbon intensity data in Table 3. The U.S. consumes about 106 EJ of energy per year. The U.S. population is about 328 million. Compare your answer to the expected value of 16.2 kg of CO2 or 4,400 kg C per person per year. Table 3: U.S. Energy Data Contribution to U.S. Energy (%) Carbon Intensity (g C/MJ) Petroleum 37% 19.7 Coal 11% 24.2 Natural gas Nuclear and renewables 32% 13.8 19% 101², P = peta = 1015, and E = exa = 10'8 M = mega = 10°, G = giga = 10°, T = tera 1 metric ton = 1,000 kg Source: US Energy Information Administration (www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts) B. The global average carbon footprint is about 1,400 kg of carbon per person per year for 7.7 billion people (2014 data, Boden et al., 2017). Translate this value into an annual increase in CO2 concentration in the atmos- phere in ppm. Assume 40% of the emitted carbon remains in the atmosphere. C. There is a growing consensus that a 1.5°C temperature increase over the preindustrial temperature would result in permanent changes to the environment. The temperature now is about 1°C above the preindustrial temperature. Using your answers from Part B, how long can we continue to produce carbon dioxide before the global temper- ature increases 0.5 more degree Celsius? Assume the CO2 concentration now is 411 ppm.
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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Transcribed Image Text:3. The U.S. produces about 4.4 metric tons (4,400 kg) of carbon per person per year. The purpose of this problem
is to confirm this number and to estimate the temperature change associated with the global carbon footprint.
A. Calculate the carbon emissions per person per year in the U.S. Use the energy and carbon intensity data in
Table 3. The U.S. consumes about 106 EJ of energy per year. The U.S. population is about 328 million. Compare
your answer to the expected value of 16.2 kg of CO2 or 4,400 kg C per person per year.
Table 3: U.S. Energy Data
Contribution to U.S. Energy (%)
Carbon Intensity (g C/MJ)
Petroleum
37%
19.7
Coal
11%
24.2
Natural gas
Nuclear and renewables
32%
13.8
19%
M=mega = 10°, G = giga = 10°, T = tera = 1012, P = peta = 1015, and E = exa = 1018
1 metric ton = 1,000 kg
Source: US Energy Information Administration (www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts)
B. The global average carbon footprint is about 1,400 kg of carbon per person per year for 7.7 billion people
(2014 data, Boden et al., 2017). Translate this value into an annual increase in CO2 concentration in the atmos-
phere in ppm. Assume 40% of the emitted carbon remains in the atmosphere.
C. There is a growing consensus that a 1.5°C temperature increase over the preindustrial temperature would result
in permanent changes to the environment. The temperature now is about 1°C above the preindustrial temperature.
Using your answers from Part B, how long can we continue to produce carbon dioxide before the global temper-
ature increases 0.5 more degree Celsius? Assume the CO2 concentration now is 411 ppm.
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