3. Methyl orange behaves much like methyl red in the respect that it is mostly protonated at very low pH values and mostly deprotonated at high very pH values. If a solution of methyl orange at a pH of 3.53 had a [HIn] concentration of 0.0420 M and a [In'] concentration of 0.0230 M. Would would the k, of methyl orange be at this pH? Hint: see equation 2 in the lab manual O 16 x 10 O 0.548 O 5.8 x 105 O 18 x 10
Basics in Organic Reactions Mechanisms
In organic chemistry, the mechanism of an organic reaction is defined as a complete step-by-step explanation of how a reaction of organic compounds happens. A completely detailed mechanism would relate the first structure of the reactants with the last structure of the products and would represent changes in structure and energy all through the reaction step.
Heterolytic Bond Breaking
Heterolytic bond breaking is also known as heterolysis or heterolytic fission or ionic fission. It is defined as breaking of a covalent bond between two different atoms in which one atom gains both of the shared pair of electrons. The atom that gains both electrons is more electronegative than the other atom in covalent bond. The energy needed for heterolytic fission is called as heterolytic bond dissociation energy.
Polar Aprotic Solvent
Solvents that are chemically polar in nature and are not capable of hydrogen bonding (implying that a hydrogen atom directly linked with an electronegative atom is not found) are referred to as polar aprotic solvents. Some commonly used polar aprotic solvents are acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO, etc.
Oxygen Nucleophiles
Oxygen being an electron rich species with a lone pair electron, can act as a good nucleophile. Typically, oxygen nucleophiles can be found in these compounds- water, hydroxides and alcohols.
Carbon Nucleophiles
We are aware that carbon belongs to group IV and hence does not possess any lone pair of electrons. Implying that neutral carbon is not a nucleophile then how is carbon going to be nucleophilic? The answer to this is that when a carbon atom is attached to a metal (can be seen in the case of organometallic compounds), the metal atom develops a partial positive charge and carbon develops a partial negative charge, hence making carbon nucleophilic.
![3. Methyl orange behaves much like methyl red in the respect that it is mostly protonated at very low pH values and mostly deprotonated at high very
pH values. If a solution of methyl orange at a pH of 3.53 had a (Hln] concentration of 0.0420 M and a [In] concentration of 0.0230 M. Would would
the k, of methyl orange be at this pH? Hint: see equation 2 in the lab manual
O 1.6 x 104
O 0.548
O 5.8 x 10-5
O 1.8 x 103](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F654cac59-b8d9-47e3-8bb2-0398ad7587b0%2F92948b09-8783-4caf-ac51-0b0e9346311c%2Faq83pfd_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![2. You add 10.00 ml of a 0.630 M methyl red solution to a 100.00 ml volumetric flask. You then add small volumes of sodium acetate and acetic acid
solutions to adjust the pH, and then fill the 100 mL volumetric flask to the mark with deionized water. You then make a spectroscopic measurement
and obtain absorbance values of 0.253 at 520 nm and 0.079 at 420 nm. What is the concentration of [HIn] in the solution. Remember to use M;V1 =
M2V2 as the first step in the calculation process. Hint: see eq. 6 in the lab manual
A$20, = 0.367
A520, = 0.010
A420, - 0.012
A420, = 0.275
O 4.30 x 102
O 0.430
O 4.18 x 102
O 0.418](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F654cac59-b8d9-47e3-8bb2-0398ad7587b0%2F92948b09-8783-4caf-ac51-0b0e9346311c%2Ftmm2ugi_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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