3. Consider the Population with carrying capacity problem: Birth Rate = 30/1000 per year and death rate = 25/1000 per year, initial population of 100000 Introduce Carrying Capacity 1000000 people Derive the Logistic differential equation b. Without solving the differential equation, take derivatives of the differential equation and come up with the first 4 terms of the Taylor series centered about t=0. %3D 3 (k) P3 (x) = k! k=0 Use the process of separation of variables to find the solution.

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Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
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**Population with Carrying Capacity Problem**

Consider a population scenario with the following parameters:

- **Birth Rate:** 30/1000 per year
- **Death Rate:** 25/1000 per year
- **Initial Population:** 100,000

Introducing a **Carrying Capacity:** 1,000,000 people

### (a) Derive the Logistic Differential Equation

To model the population with carrying capacity, use the logistic growth equation which typically takes the form:

\[ \frac{dP}{dt} = rP \left(1 - \frac{P}{K}\right) \]

Where:
- \( P \) is the population size
- \( r \) is the intrinsic rate of increase (birth rate minus death rate)
- \( K \) is the carrying capacity

Given:
- Birth rate = 30/1000 = 0.03
- Death rate = 25/1000 = 0.025

Intrinsic rate of increase: \( r = 0.03 - 0.025 = 0.005 \)

Carrying capacity: \( K = 1,000,000 \)

Hence, the logistic differential equation is:

\[ \frac{dP}{dt} = 0.005P \left(1 - \frac{P}{1,000,000}\right) \]

### (b) Derive the first 4 terms of the Taylor Series centered about \( t = 0 \)

Without solving the differential equation directly, derive its derivatives to formulate the first four terms of the Taylor series.

The Taylor series expansion for \( P(t) \) at \( t = 0 \) is given by:

\[ P_3(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{3} \frac{f^{(k)}(0)}{k!}(x - 0)^k \]

Where \( f^{(k)}(0) \) represents the k-th derivative of \( f(x) \) evaluated at \( x = 0 \).

### (c) Use the process of separation of variables to find the solution

To solve the differential equation using separation of variables:

1. Start with the form of the logistic differential equation:

\[ \frac{dP}{dt} = rP \left(1 - \frac{P}{K}\right) \]

2. Separate variables \( P \) and \( t \):

\[
Transcribed Image Text:**Population with Carrying Capacity Problem** Consider a population scenario with the following parameters: - **Birth Rate:** 30/1000 per year - **Death Rate:** 25/1000 per year - **Initial Population:** 100,000 Introducing a **Carrying Capacity:** 1,000,000 people ### (a) Derive the Logistic Differential Equation To model the population with carrying capacity, use the logistic growth equation which typically takes the form: \[ \frac{dP}{dt} = rP \left(1 - \frac{P}{K}\right) \] Where: - \( P \) is the population size - \( r \) is the intrinsic rate of increase (birth rate minus death rate) - \( K \) is the carrying capacity Given: - Birth rate = 30/1000 = 0.03 - Death rate = 25/1000 = 0.025 Intrinsic rate of increase: \( r = 0.03 - 0.025 = 0.005 \) Carrying capacity: \( K = 1,000,000 \) Hence, the logistic differential equation is: \[ \frac{dP}{dt} = 0.005P \left(1 - \frac{P}{1,000,000}\right) \] ### (b) Derive the first 4 terms of the Taylor Series centered about \( t = 0 \) Without solving the differential equation directly, derive its derivatives to formulate the first four terms of the Taylor series. The Taylor series expansion for \( P(t) \) at \( t = 0 \) is given by: \[ P_3(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{3} \frac{f^{(k)}(0)}{k!}(x - 0)^k \] Where \( f^{(k)}(0) \) represents the k-th derivative of \( f(x) \) evaluated at \( x = 0 \). ### (c) Use the process of separation of variables to find the solution To solve the differential equation using separation of variables: 1. Start with the form of the logistic differential equation: \[ \frac{dP}{dt} = rP \left(1 - \frac{P}{K}\right) \] 2. Separate variables \( P \) and \( t \): \[
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