3) What are the formal charges on the atoms in: H. H -C: H

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**Question 3:** What are the formal charges on the atoms in:

**Diagram:** 

The diagram depicts a molecule with a central carbon atom (C) which is bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H) and has a lone pair of electrons represented as dots next to the carbon atom.

**Explanation:**

To determine the formal charge on each atom:

1. **Carbon (C):**
   - Valence electrons in a free carbon atom = 4
   - Electrons in bonds + lone pair electrons:
     - 3 bonds to hydrogen = 3 electrons
     - 1 lone pair = 2 electrons
   - Total assigned electrons = 3 + 2 = 5
   - Formal charge = Valence electrons - Total assigned electrons
   - Formal charge of carbon = 4 - 5 = -1

2. **Hydrogen (H):**
   - Valence electrons in a free hydrogen atom = 1
   - Each hydrogen is in a single bond with carbon, using 1 electron
   - Formal charge = Valence electrons - Assigned electrons
   - Formal charge of each hydrogen = 1 - 1 = 0

In conclusion, the carbon atom has a formal charge of -1, while each hydrogen atom has a formal charge of 0.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question 3:** What are the formal charges on the atoms in: **Diagram:** The diagram depicts a molecule with a central carbon atom (C) which is bonded to three hydrogen atoms (H) and has a lone pair of electrons represented as dots next to the carbon atom. **Explanation:** To determine the formal charge on each atom: 1. **Carbon (C):** - Valence electrons in a free carbon atom = 4 - Electrons in bonds + lone pair electrons: - 3 bonds to hydrogen = 3 electrons - 1 lone pair = 2 electrons - Total assigned electrons = 3 + 2 = 5 - Formal charge = Valence electrons - Total assigned electrons - Formal charge of carbon = 4 - 5 = -1 2. **Hydrogen (H):** - Valence electrons in a free hydrogen atom = 1 - Each hydrogen is in a single bond with carbon, using 1 electron - Formal charge = Valence electrons - Assigned electrons - Formal charge of each hydrogen = 1 - 1 = 0 In conclusion, the carbon atom has a formal charge of -1, while each hydrogen atom has a formal charge of 0.
Expert Solution
Step 1

Formal charge is the charge assigned in atoms of a molecule.

It is calculated by :

FC = V - N - B/2

Where 

  • FC = formal charge
  • V = total valence electrons
  • N = number of non-boning electrons
  • B = total number of electrons shared in bonds
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