Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
Determine the number of atoms that bear non-zero formal charges in the Lewis structure given below exactly as it is depicted.
![The image shows the Lewis structure of the bromate ion, \(\text{BrO}_3^-\).
### Explanation of the Structure:
1. **Central Atom**: Bromine (Br) is the central atom.
2. **Surrounding Atoms**: Three oxygen (O) atoms are bonded to the bromine atom.
3. **Bonds and Electron Pairs**:
- The bromine atom forms one double bond with an oxygen atom, as indicated by a double line.
- It also forms single bonds with the other two oxygen atoms, indicated by single lines.
- The oxygen atoms have lone pairs of electrons, shown as pairs of dots surrounding them.
4. **Overall Charge**: The entire ion is enclosed in brackets with a negative charge (\(-\)) outside, indicating the bromate ion carries a -1 charge.
### Notes:
- The bromate ion is a common polyatomic ion in chemistry.
- Understanding the electron configuration and structure helps in predicting the reactivity and interaction of the ion in chemical reactions.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fed2ff246-0d70-44de-b2b9-948ba939cbb2%2F8fd6d216-028d-494a-a2f6-f1a8addebec6%2Fiik8v5_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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