Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
![3- Mercapto 4hexenoic acid
SH](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fb31d7e90-5e73-4234-85af-d540cd23e9cc%2Fa61b979d-6ad1-406c-b1dc-79f08a4f6bbf%2F119x3e_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![e. 3-Methoxycycloheptanecarboxylic acid
7 carbon atoms in a ring
СООН
3
carboxylic acid carboxylic acid functional group; the point of
defines C1
cyclohept
no double or triple bonds
H3CO
an
attachment of the COOH group
OCH3 group at C3
Tonnio
3-methoxy
amot no
SH
ebrod oft
f. 3-Mercapto-4-hexenoic acid
6 carbon atoms
2
.COOH
hex
3
double bond; starts at C4
6.
4
carboxylic acid functional group; the point of
attachment of the COOH group defines C1
SH group at C3
en
oic acid
3-mercapto
lonsiba
emote nod
g. 5-Hydroxy-3-heptenoic acid
hept
OH
7 carbon atoms
double bond; starts at C3
carboxylic acid functional group; the COOH
carbon atom is C1 of the chain
OH group at C5
en
2 COOH
oic acid
7
6.
fonsli
4
5-hydroxy
ois norh
h. 2,5-Dimethylbenzoic acid
benzoic acid
the carboxylic acid derivative of benzene; the point
of attachment of the COOH group defines C1
two CH3 groups, one at C2 and one at C5
H3C.
COOH
2,5-dimethyl
2 CH3
1.31.
the chain (or ring). Number the chains from each end
decide if compounds are isomers, make
are the same, but the](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fb31d7e90-5e73-4234-85af-d540cd23e9cc%2Fa61b979d-6ad1-406c-b1dc-79f08a4f6bbf%2Fhrtmew_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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