2. Answer parts a-e using the skeletal structure of the molecule shown below. NB # -NC=N; NÁ a. Add all implied hydrogen atoms to the skeletal structure. b. How many tetrahedral carbons are in the molecule? What hybridization do tetrahedral carbon atoms have? c. Consider the bond marked by *. Based on what you know about electronegativity trends, which atom in the bond is more electron rich? Draw a dipole arrow pointing toward the more electron rich atom. +

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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Molecular Structure Analysis

**Problem 2:** Answer parts a-e using the skeletal structure of the molecule shown below.

**Molecular Structure:**
```
    :N_B..
     |
C6H4-N*A-C-N+C≡N:::
  ```

### Questions:

**a. Adding all implied hydrogen atoms to the skeletal structure.**

1. Identify the positions on the skeletal structure where hydrogen atoms should be added to satisfy carbon's valency of four.

**b. Tetrahedral Carbons in the Molecule**

1. How many tetrahedral carbons are in the molecule?
2. What hybridization do tetrahedral carbon atoms have?

**c. Electron Richness and Electronegative Trends**

1. Consider the bond marked by \*. Based on electronegative trends, identify which atom in the bond is more electron rich.
2. Draw a dipole arrow pointing toward the more electron-rich atom.

**d. Hybridization of Nitrogen Atoms**

1. Label each nitrogen atom (N A, N B, N C, N D) with its hybridization (sp, sp², or sp³).
2. Based on the hybridization assigned, indicate what atomic orbitals each nitrogen atom possesses.

**e. Lone Pair Consideration**

1. Identify the atomic or hybridized atomic orbitals holding the lone pairs for each nitrogen atom (N A, N B, N D).
2. Specify whether these orbitals are sp, sp², sp³, s, or p.

### Explanation of the Diagram:

1. **Skeletal Structure:**
   - The structure includes a benzene ring connected to an amine group (N A) with a lone pair, forming a bond with a carbocation (N B), attached to a carbon-nitrogen double bond (N C) adjacent to a triple bond, finishing with another nitrogen atom (N D) with two lone pairs.

2. **Hybridization and Atomic Orbitals Table:**
   - There is a table that requires filling out with the hybridization states and atomic orbitals occupied by each nitrogen atom. Each row corresponds to a nitrogen atom (N A, N B, N C, N D), and each column corresponds to its corresponding atomic orbitals.

**Table to Fill:**

| N A atomic orbitals | N B atomic orbitals | N C atomic orbitals | N D atomic orbitals |
|---------------------|---------------------|----------------
Transcribed Image Text:--- ### Molecular Structure Analysis **Problem 2:** Answer parts a-e using the skeletal structure of the molecule shown below. **Molecular Structure:** ``` :N_B.. | C6H4-N*A-C-N+C≡N::: ``` ### Questions: **a. Adding all implied hydrogen atoms to the skeletal structure.** 1. Identify the positions on the skeletal structure where hydrogen atoms should be added to satisfy carbon's valency of four. **b. Tetrahedral Carbons in the Molecule** 1. How many tetrahedral carbons are in the molecule? 2. What hybridization do tetrahedral carbon atoms have? **c. Electron Richness and Electronegative Trends** 1. Consider the bond marked by \*. Based on electronegative trends, identify which atom in the bond is more electron rich. 2. Draw a dipole arrow pointing toward the more electron-rich atom. **d. Hybridization of Nitrogen Atoms** 1. Label each nitrogen atom (N A, N B, N C, N D) with its hybridization (sp, sp², or sp³). 2. Based on the hybridization assigned, indicate what atomic orbitals each nitrogen atom possesses. **e. Lone Pair Consideration** 1. Identify the atomic or hybridized atomic orbitals holding the lone pairs for each nitrogen atom (N A, N B, N D). 2. Specify whether these orbitals are sp, sp², sp³, s, or p. ### Explanation of the Diagram: 1. **Skeletal Structure:** - The structure includes a benzene ring connected to an amine group (N A) with a lone pair, forming a bond with a carbocation (N B), attached to a carbon-nitrogen double bond (N C) adjacent to a triple bond, finishing with another nitrogen atom (N D) with two lone pairs. 2. **Hybridization and Atomic Orbitals Table:** - There is a table that requires filling out with the hybridization states and atomic orbitals occupied by each nitrogen atom. Each row corresponds to a nitrogen atom (N A, N B, N C, N D), and each column corresponds to its corresponding atomic orbitals. **Table to Fill:** | N A atomic orbitals | N B atomic orbitals | N C atomic orbitals | N D atomic orbitals | |---------------------|---------------------|----------------
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