2. Indicate which of the following molecules are polar. For those that are, indicate the direction of the molecular dipole using the formalism used in the Karty text.
A. O and N are more electronegative than C. Hence, here both sigma moment (arise due to differences in electronegativity) and π moment (arise due to separation of opposite charges caused by resonance) are acting in the same direction. That's why it will have a net dipole moment.
B. The group moment of CBr2 group and bond moment of C-Cl bond are acting in same direction. Hence, they will assist each other and increase dipole moment of molecule which is partially cancelled out by induced moment caused by l.p. Hence, the compound is polar.
C. This is meta-difluoro benzene where the dipole moment caused by two C-F bonds are assisting each other. That's why it has a net dipole moment.
D. Here, both sigma moment and π moments are acting in same direction. Hence, it will have a net dipole moment.
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