3+ (d) [Mo(EDTA)]CIO4, (e) K3[ReCl6]. 23.58 Give the number of (valence) d electrons associated with the central metal ion in each of the following complexes: (a) K3[Fe(CN),], (b) [Mn(H2O)6](NO3)2, (c) Na[Ag(CN)2], (d) [Cr(NH3)4Br2]C1O4, (e) [Sr(EDTA)]²-. 23.59 A classmate says, "A weak-field ligand usually means the complex is high spin." Is your classmate correct? Explain 23.60 For a given metal ion and set of ligands, is the crystal-field split ting energy larger for a tetrahedral or an octahedral geometry Brз, gth for e of ced ite, СОз for- ion und 23.61 For each of the following metals, write the electronic con figuration of the atom and its 2+ ion: (a) Mn, (b) Ru, (c) Rh. Draw the crystal-field energy-level diagram for the d orbitals of an octahedral complex, and show the placement of the d electrons for each 2+ ion, assuming a strong-field complex. How many unpaired electrons are there in each case? cron ased the 23.62 For each of the following metals, write the electronic con- figuration of the atom and its 3+ ion: (a) Fe, (b) Mo, (c) Co. Draw the crystal-field energy-level diagram for the d orbitals of an octahedral complex, and show the placement of the d electrons for each 3+ ion, assuming a weak-field complex. How many unpaired electrons are there in each case? 23.63 Draw the crystal-field energy-level diagrams and show the placement of d electrons for each of the following: (a) [Cr(H2O)6]²+ (four unpaired electrons), (b) [Mn(H2O)6!" (a high-spin complex), (c) [Ru(NH3)5(H,O)]2+ (a low-spin complex), (d) [IrCl6]2- (a low-spin complex), (e) [Cr(en)3]" (f) [NiF6]ª. 73+ 4- 23.64 Draw the crystal-field energy-level diagrams and show the placement of electrons for the following com- plexes: (a) [VCI6]3, (b) [FeF6]3- (a high-spin complex), (c) [Ru(bipy)3]* (a low-spin complex), (d) [NiCl4]²- (tetra- hedral), (e) [PtBrg]²¯, (f) [Ti(en)3]*". trons. Sketch the energy-level diagram for the d orbitals, and indicate the placement of electrons for this complex ion. Is the ion a high-spin or a low-spin complex? 23.65 The complex [Mn(NH3)6]²* contains five unpaired elec- delectron, whereas results, electron,
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
23.58: a,b,c
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