(3) A specially processed clay has particles that are 500 nm thick and 10,000 nm x 10,000 nm wide. The specific gravity of solids is 2.80. The particles lie perfectly parallel with an edge-to-edge spacing of 400 nm (i.e., they look like thin bricks stacked perfectly parallel). (a) Initially, the cation valence in the double layer is +1, resulting in a face-to-face spacing of 1500 nm. How many particles per cm will there be at this spacing? What are the void ratio and water content, assuming that the soil is at 100% saturation? (b) Another sample of the clay is mixed such that the cation valence is +2. What are the new yoid ratio and water content under these conditions?

Q: In an engineering application, the material is a strip of iron with a fixed crystallographic…

A: Given, σy1 = 110 MPa  σy2 = 120 MPa  d1 = 30 micron  d2 = 25 micron

Q: In a particular material, if the modulus o rigidity is equal to the bulk modulus, th Poisson Ratio…

A:

Q: A rubber ball is inflated to a pressure of 65 kPa. At that pressure, the diameter of the ball is 240…

A:

Q: Two silicon wafer sizes are to be compared: a 6.0-in wafer with a processable area = 5.85-in…

A: case 1- Wafer size 1 = 6.0 in processable area 1 = 5.85 in case 2- Wafer size 2 = 12.0- in…

Q: In an unconsolidated undrained triaxial test, it is observed that an increase in cell pressure from…

A: Undrained triaxial test- Pore pressure increase U = 80 kPa, Initial cell pressure = 150 kPa Final…

Q: Determine the following: a. Young's modulus within the linear portion b. Tangent modulus at a stress…

A: a).Young's Modulus : At the proportional limit, stress is directly proportional to strain stress α…

Q: Which of the following statements about recrystallisation of metals are true? Select one or more: O…

A: Answer  We know that Recrystallisation temperature is 0.3 - 0.4 times melting point for metals and…

Q: 2. Using the two theoretical predictions of fracture strength, o = (equation 14.4) YE (equation…

A:

Q: Ca+2 = 36.8mg/L Mg+2 = 2.9mg/L HCO3 = 98mg/L pH = 7.53 Temp = 9C Calculate the following: a.…

A: Note- Hi! Thank you for the question, As per the honor code, we are allowed to answer three…

Q: 14) Indi a) Copper and its alloys do not fail due to cycling loading if the applied stress amplitude…

A: Alloys of copper and aluminium fail under cyclic loading even for smaller stresses. Therefore the…

Q: The maximum measured Young’s modulus for a carbon nanotube is 950 GPa.  How much stress would have…

A: Let’s consider an identical section for steel and carbon:

Temperature effects on atom arrangements

Atoms are the smallest units of matter. Atoms can be subdivided into electrons, protons, and several other subatomic particles. Groups or combinations of atoms form molecules that primarily decide the property and behavior of materials. These molecules have the property to attract other molecules based on the valence electrons in the atoms' outermost orbit. An orderly arrangement of molecules is known as crystal structure, which forms the fundamental topic of concern in materials science and engineering. The arrangement of molecules is different for different materials and hence, each material exhibits different lattice arrangements. The lattice arrangements are functions of external loads, deformations, and temperature. On experiencing high temperatures or low temperatures, the behavior of the lattice arrangement of a material change.