3) A 10-kHz VLF (very low frequency) plane wave is transmitted into the ocean, as a ship is trying to communicate a message to a submerged submarine. The position of the ship is approximately at the vertical line relative to the submarine. The amplitude of electric field intensity (E) of the transmitted wave just below the water surface (within the water) is 2 kV/m. Assume that the seawater has ur = 1, &r = 72, &" = 0 (this value is so small at kHz frequency level for sea water, which can be neglected) and o = 6 S/m. The submarine needs an electric field intensity E of at least 0.01 µV/m for a proper communication with ship. a) Find the maximum depth of the submarine's antenna with respect to water surface, and the average power of the wave at that depth and just below the water surface. By comparing these average power values, comment on the difficulty of communication with this frequency at underwater. b) Do you think the increase of the frequency to GHz level (1 GHz or higher) can solve this difficulty in part a) or not? Comment.

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3) A 10-kHz VLF (very low frequency) plane wave is transmitted into the ocean, as a ship is
trying to communicate a message to a submerged submarine. The position of the ship is
approximately at the vertical line relative to the submarine. The amplitude of electric field
intensity (E) of the transmitted wave just below the water surface (within the water) is 2 kV/m.
Assume that the seawater has µ₁ = 1, & = 72, &" = 0 (this value is so small at kHz frequency level
for sea water, which can be neglected) and o 6 S/m. The submarine needs an electric field
intensity E of at least 0.01 µV/m for a proper communication with ship.
=
a) Find the maximum depth of the submarine's antenna with respect to water surface, and the
average power of the wave at that depth and just below the water surface. By comparing these
average power values, comment on the difficulty of communication with this frequency at
underwater.
b) Do you think the increase of the frequency to GHz level (1 GHz or higher) can solve this
difficulty in part a) or not? Comment.
Transcribed Image Text:3) A 10-kHz VLF (very low frequency) plane wave is transmitted into the ocean, as a ship is trying to communicate a message to a submerged submarine. The position of the ship is approximately at the vertical line relative to the submarine. The amplitude of electric field intensity (E) of the transmitted wave just below the water surface (within the water) is 2 kV/m. Assume that the seawater has µ₁ = 1, & = 72, &" = 0 (this value is so small at kHz frequency level for sea water, which can be neglected) and o 6 S/m. The submarine needs an electric field intensity E of at least 0.01 µV/m for a proper communication with ship. = a) Find the maximum depth of the submarine's antenna with respect to water surface, and the average power of the wave at that depth and just below the water surface. By comparing these average power values, comment on the difficulty of communication with this frequency at underwater. b) Do you think the increase of the frequency to GHz level (1 GHz or higher) can solve this difficulty in part a) or not? Comment.
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