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2s 1s 1s 1s 1s (H) (He) (Li*) (Li) A C

2s 1s 1s 1s 1s (H) (He) (Li*) (Li) A C

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Which of the following electrons indicated with an asterisk will be the lowest in energy?

The image shows electron configurations for different elements and ions, represented by their respective atomic orbitals and electron spins. ### Diagrams: - **Diagram A**: - **1s orbital** with a single upward arrow. - Represents **Hydrogen (H)**. - **Diagram B**: - **1s orbital** with one upward and one downward arrow. - Represents **Helium (He)**. - **Diagram C**: - **1s orbital** with one upward and one downward arrow. - Represents **Lithium ion (Li⁺)**, suggesting it loses one electron compared to a neutral lithium atom. - **Diagram D**: - **1s orbital** with one upward and one downward arrow. - **2s orbital** with a single upward arrow. - Represents **Lithium (Li)** in its neutral state. ### Explanation: Each diagram illustrates the electron configuration for a specific atom or ion. The arrows represent electrons, with their orientation indicating the electron spins. The orbitals are labeled (e.g., 1s, 2s) to indicate their energy levels and type. - **Hydrogen** has one electron in the 1s orbital. - **Helium** has two electrons in the 1s orbital, fully occupying it. - **Lithium ion (Li⁺)** resembles helium in configuration due to loss of one electron. - **Neutral Lithium (Li)** has two electrons in the 1s orbital and one in the 2s orbital. This illustrates basic electron configuration principles and electron spin pairing in atomic and ionic states.
Transcribed Image Text:The image shows electron configurations for different elements and ions, represented by their respective atomic orbitals and electron spins. ### Diagrams: - **Diagram A**: - **1s orbital** with a single upward arrow. - Represents **Hydrogen (H)**. - **Diagram B**: - **1s orbital** with one upward and one downward arrow. - Represents **Helium (He)**. - **Diagram C**: - **1s orbital** with one upward and one downward arrow. - Represents **Lithium ion (Li⁺)**, suggesting it loses one electron compared to a neutral lithium atom. - **Diagram D**: - **1s orbital** with one upward and one downward arrow. - **2s orbital** with a single upward arrow. - Represents **Lithium (Li)** in its neutral state. ### Explanation: Each diagram illustrates the electron configuration for a specific atom or ion. The arrows represent electrons, with their orientation indicating the electron spins. The orbitals are labeled (e.g., 1s, 2s) to indicate their energy levels and type. - **Hydrogen** has one electron in the 1s orbital. - **Helium** has two electrons in the 1s orbital, fully occupying it. - **Lithium ion (Li⁺)** resembles helium in configuration due to loss of one electron. - **Neutral Lithium (Li)** has two electrons in the 1s orbital and one in the 2s orbital. This illustrates basic electron configuration principles and electron spin pairing in atomic and ionic states.
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