Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
![2NO(g) + O₂(g) → 2NO₂(g)
AG reaction
kJ
Ca(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(g) → CaCl₂(s) + 2H₂O(g)
AG reaction
=
kJ](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fa5d68a63-c6b0-4689-b48b-14a59cfafa7b%2F5594d9ab-4f41-45c4-ae36-ed34f19490b6%2F27cci77_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![Calculate AGⓇ reaction in kilojoules for the following reactions using the data in table bellow.
Standard Free Energies of Formation of Typical Substances at 298.15 K
AG
(kJ mol-¹)
Substance
Ag(s)
AgCl(s)
Al(s)
Al₂O3(s)
C(s) (graphite)
CO(g)
CO₂(g)
CH₂(g)
-50.79
CH₂Cl(g)
-58.6
CH₂OH(1)
- 166.2
CO(NH,)2(s) -197.2
CO(NH2)2(aq) -203.8
+209
C₂H₂(g)
C₂H4(g)
C₂H6(g)
C₂H₂OH()
CgH 18 (1)
Ca(s)
AG
(kJ mol-¹)
0
-109.7
CaCO3(s)
CaCl₂(s)
0.00
-1576.4
0
- 137.3
-394.4
+68.12
-32.9
-174.8
+17.3
0
-1128.8
-750.2
Substance
CaO(s)
Ca(OH)2 (s)
CaSO4(s)
CaSO4 H₂O(s)
CaSO4 2H₂O(s)
Ch₂(g)
Fe(s)
Fe₂O3(s)
H₂(g)
H₂O(g)
H₂O(l)
HCI(g)
HNO3(1)
H₂SO4(1)
HC,H,O,(0)
Hg(1)
Hg(g)
K(s)
KCI(s)
-604.2
-896.76
-1320.3
-1435.2
-1795.7
0
0
-741.0
0
-228.6
-237.2
-95.27
-79.91
-689.9
-392.5
0
+31.8
0
-408.3
Substance
K₂SO4(s)
N₂(g)
NH3(g)
NH4Cl(s)
NO(g)
NO₂(g)
N₂O(g)
N₂O4(g)
Na(s)
Na₂CO3(s)
NaHCO3(s)
NaCl(s)
NaOH(s)
Na₂SO4(s)
O₂(g)
PbO(s)
S(s)
SO₂(g)
SO3(g)
AG
(kJ mol-¹)
-1316.4
0
-16.7
-203.9
+86.69
+51.84
+103.6
+98.28
0
-1048
-851.9
-384.0
-382
-1266.8
0
-189.3
0
-300.4
-370.4](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fa5d68a63-c6b0-4689-b48b-14a59cfafa7b%2F5594d9ab-4f41-45c4-ae36-ed34f19490b6%2Fj5hzhli_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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