28. During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of (A) potassium against a concentration gradient (B) protons down a concentration gradient (C) electrons against a concentration gradient (D) electrons through a channel (E) sodium ions into the cell 29. Which of the following processes is carried out more efficiently by a C4 plant than by a C3 plant? (A) Light absorption (B) Chemiosmotic coupling (D) Photolysis (D) Fixation of CO, (E) Transport of sugars

Q: Describe C3 plants: a.)What is the CO2 pathway? b.)How much carbon is lost via…

A: In C3, the primary carbon compound delivered contains three carbon molecules. A "typical" plant—one…

Q: What is missing from bacteriorhodopsin-based phototrophy that is common to most other types of…

A: The process of receiving energy from the sun and converting it into chemical energy is called…

Q: There is a rare microalga that has a promising future as a producer of a new type of biofuel. After…

A: Based on the given information the nonfunctional mutation in the respiration pathway of the rare…

Q: Which of the following is the correct sequence for the movement of electrons during the…

A: During the light-dependent reactions, light energy is absorbed by photosystems I and II (PSI and…

Q: In hot, dry climates, plants have evolved mechanisms to avoid photorespiration. Which of the…

A: Photorespiration take plase in plants when the concentration of oxygen is higher than that of carbon…

Q: Without carbon dioxide, which part of photosynthesis could not proceed? A) light-dependent…

A: Photosynthesis is the anabolic process in which organic material ( glucose ) is formed using Carbon…

Q: Evolution led to the formation of RuBisCO that is used by C3 plants to fix CO2. Why do you think…

A: Rubisco is an enzyme that is involved in the calvin cycle's fixation of carbon dioxide and is also…

Q: (a) What is lignin in plant? What is the amount of lignin in hardwood, softwood, and weeds?

A: You have asked multiple questions. As per our instructions we are allowed to answer only one. Please…

Q: a. Do you think the air and soil surrounding the cactus is typically drier or wetter than the plant?…

A: Introduction Stomata are the tiny pores present underneath plant leaves. They regulate the exchange…

Q: Assume a pH gradient of 4.0 units across a thylakoid membrane, with the lumen more acidic than the…

A: The thylakoid membrane of chloroplast is the site where the light reaction of photosynthesis takes…

Q: Thylakoids were isolated from chloroplasts and incubated in the dark in an acidic solution (pH 4) to…

A: ATP or Adenosine Tri-Phosphate is the chemical compound that is considered as the energy currency…

Q: Even though C4 plants require more ATP per CO₂ fixed, at higher temperatures, they are more…

A: Plants use the process of photosynthesis to transform light energy into chemical energy by using…

Q: In cyclic photophosphorylation, how are the reaction center electrons replaced? A) An electron is…

A: The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP using the sunlight as source of energy is called…

Q: Which of the following is TRUE about CAM photosynthetic pathway? Compared to the C3 and C4 pathways,…

A: * CAM photosynthetic pathway also called  Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthetic pathway. *CAM…

Q: 5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2 to use in the electron transport chain as they…

A: Mitochondria are defined as membrane-bound cell organelles that will generate or produce most of the…

Q: 1. What would be the effect on ATP production during chemiosmosis and oxidative phorphorylation, if…

A: Chemiosmosis is a process that occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane or thylakoid membrane of…

Q: If a C3 plant that normally closes its stomata during hot, dry conditions were triggered to open…

A: C3 plants are a kind of plant that produces glucose via the C3 carbon fixation pathway during…

Q: A key experiment that helped put doubts to rest regarding the chemiosomotic theory used an…

A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes located in the inner…

Q: Determine the answers of these multiple choices they are organised at "a,b,c's" so they can all be…

A: Proton gradient is produced by the proton pumping during the electron transport chain of respiration…

Q: A) The concentration of CO2 is lower inside a plant cell than in the atmosphere (outside the cell).…

A: Stomata are cells present in the plant. They are a prerequisite for the exchange of gases. Stomata…

Q: Give comparison between the following:(a) C3 and C4 pathways(b) Cyclic and non-cyclic…

A: Photophosphorylation is the process that utilizes light energy from photosynthesis for converting…

Q: what is the protein complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane that allows protons to flow down…

A: The chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP formation was first proposed by Peter Mitchell (1966). According…

Q: What were the reasons for color change in phenol solution when the test tube with plant leaf and no…

A: In this experiment phenol red is used as an indicator. Indicators are the substance that change…

Q: If a plant is removed from its natural environment and exposed to 100 percent CO2 composed of the…

A: The radioisotope of a substance is one of the many possible species of the element (like say Carbon)…

Q: ). Observe the graph on the right. If you hac a hypothetical plant that only had a hypothetical…

A: Yellow light would produce the highest rate of photosynthesis. This is because it is the light at…

Q: Under what environmental conditions does photorespiration “outcompete" that of the CC? Specifically,…

A: In photorespiration, loss of  CO2 takes place in mitochondria only. In the presence of O2, RuBP…

Q: Since carotenoids are part of the _________, their electrons are not passed on when they get…

A: Carotenoids are pigments found in variety of plants. Perform function in photosynthesis.

Q: Which best describes cyclic photophosphorylation? (a)  it uses two photosystems       (b)  it…

A: Photophosphorylation is the process by which the light energy obtained during photosynthesis is used…

Q: Suppose we set up a system in a lab where plants are automatically injected with all the glucose…

A: We need to find which part of photosynthesis helps to make glucose in the following five options.…

Q: A mutation in a plant results in the loss of caretenoid production. What changes would you see in…

A: Carotenoids are the components of the pigment-protein complexes present in the thylakoid membranes.

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.