26. Stephens, Atkins, and Kingston (2009) conducted a research study demonstrating that swearing can help reduce pain. In the study, each participant was asked to plunge a hand into icy water and keep it there as long as the pain would allow. In one condi- tion, the participants repeatedly yelled their favorite curse words while their hands were in the water. In the other condition the participants repeated a neu- tral word. Data similar to the results obtained in the study are shown in the following table. Calculate the mean number of seconds that the participants could tolerate the pain for each of the two treatment condi- tions. Does it appear that swearing helped with pain tolerance?

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Perform a hypothesis test, testing the hypothesis that swearing alters pain tolerance.

### Experiment on the Impact of Swear Words vs. Neutral Words on Memory Retention

#### Data Explanation:

The table below summarizes the results of an experiment aimed at investigating how the use of swear words compared to neutral words affects the amount of time (measured in seconds) participants can retain information. Each participant was subjected to both conditions: using swear words and using neutral words. The time it took for them to recall the words correctly was recorded.

#### Table: Amount of Time (in seconds)
| Participant | Swear Words | Neutral Words |
|-------------|-------------|---------------|
| 1           | 94          | 59            |
| 2           | 70          | 61            |
| 3           | 52          | 47            |
| 4           | 83          | 60            |
| 5           | 46          | 35            |
| 6           | 117         | 92            |
| 7           | 69          | 53            |
| 8           | 39          | 30            |
| 9           | 51          | 56            |
| 10          | 73          | 61            |

#### Analysis:
- **Participant Performance:** Each row in the table lists the performance of an individual participant under two conditions: using swear words and neutral words.
- **Comparison:** This data can be used to compare the effect of swear words versus neutral words on recall time, helping to understand if there is a significant difference in memory retention based on the type of words used.

#### Observations:
- **Higher Recall Times:** Some participants (e.g., Participant 6) showed significantly higher recall times when swear words were used compared to neutral words.
- **Consistency:** Some participants had consistent recall times across both conditions, suggesting the type of words didn't significantly affect their performance (e.g., Participant 9).

This data can contribute to educational research by highlighting the potential cognitive impacts of different types of language used in learning and memory retention contexts. Further statistical analysis would be required to derive meaningful conclusions from the dataset provided.
Transcribed Image Text:### Experiment on the Impact of Swear Words vs. Neutral Words on Memory Retention #### Data Explanation: The table below summarizes the results of an experiment aimed at investigating how the use of swear words compared to neutral words affects the amount of time (measured in seconds) participants can retain information. Each participant was subjected to both conditions: using swear words and using neutral words. The time it took for them to recall the words correctly was recorded. #### Table: Amount of Time (in seconds) | Participant | Swear Words | Neutral Words | |-------------|-------------|---------------| | 1 | 94 | 59 | | 2 | 70 | 61 | | 3 | 52 | 47 | | 4 | 83 | 60 | | 5 | 46 | 35 | | 6 | 117 | 92 | | 7 | 69 | 53 | | 8 | 39 | 30 | | 9 | 51 | 56 | | 10 | 73 | 61 | #### Analysis: - **Participant Performance:** Each row in the table lists the performance of an individual participant under two conditions: using swear words and neutral words. - **Comparison:** This data can be used to compare the effect of swear words versus neutral words on recall time, helping to understand if there is a significant difference in memory retention based on the type of words used. #### Observations: - **Higher Recall Times:** Some participants (e.g., Participant 6) showed significantly higher recall times when swear words were used compared to neutral words. - **Consistency:** Some participants had consistent recall times across both conditions, suggesting the type of words didn't significantly affect their performance (e.g., Participant 9). This data can contribute to educational research by highlighting the potential cognitive impacts of different types of language used in learning and memory retention contexts. Further statistical analysis would be required to derive meaningful conclusions from the dataset provided.
### Research Study on Pain Tolerance and Swearing

**Stephens, Atkins, and Kingston (2009)** conducted a research study demonstrating that swearing can help reduce pain. In the study, each participant was asked to plunge a hand into icy water and keep it there as long as the pain would allow. There were two experimental conditions:

1. **Swearing Condition:** Participants repeatedly yelled their favorite curse words while their hands were in the water.
2. **Neutral Words Condition:** Participants repeated a neutral word while their hands were in the water.

**Objective:** Calculate the mean number of seconds that participants could tolerate the pain for each of the two conditions to determine if swearing helped with pain tolerance.

#### Data Collected:

The table below presents data similar to the results obtained in the study:

| Participant | Swear Words Time (seconds) | Neutral Words Time (seconds) |
|-------------|----------------------------|------------------------------|
| 1           |  37                        | 22                           |
| 2           |  35                        | 20                           |
| 3           |  45                        | 42                           |
| 4           |  50                        | 32                           |
| 5           |  60                        | 35                           |
| 6           |  33                        | 27                           |
| 7           |  55                        | 30                           |
| 8           |  38                        | 30                           |
| 9           |  43                        | 25                           |
| 10          |  49                        | 41                           |
| 11          |  48                        | 24                           |
| 12          |  39                        | 28                           |
| 13          |  46                        | 31                           |
| 14          |  44                        | 37                           |
| 15          |  41                        | 26                           |
| 16          |  47                        | 36                           |

Calculate the mean number of seconds for each condition to determine if swearing helps with pain tolerance. Consider reviewing the statistical significance of the data to draw more comprehensive conclusions.
Transcribed Image Text:### Research Study on Pain Tolerance and Swearing **Stephens, Atkins, and Kingston (2009)** conducted a research study demonstrating that swearing can help reduce pain. In the study, each participant was asked to plunge a hand into icy water and keep it there as long as the pain would allow. There were two experimental conditions: 1. **Swearing Condition:** Participants repeatedly yelled their favorite curse words while their hands were in the water. 2. **Neutral Words Condition:** Participants repeated a neutral word while their hands were in the water. **Objective:** Calculate the mean number of seconds that participants could tolerate the pain for each of the two conditions to determine if swearing helped with pain tolerance. #### Data Collected: The table below presents data similar to the results obtained in the study: | Participant | Swear Words Time (seconds) | Neutral Words Time (seconds) | |-------------|----------------------------|------------------------------| | 1 | 37 | 22 | | 2 | 35 | 20 | | 3 | 45 | 42 | | 4 | 50 | 32 | | 5 | 60 | 35 | | 6 | 33 | 27 | | 7 | 55 | 30 | | 8 | 38 | 30 | | 9 | 43 | 25 | | 10 | 49 | 41 | | 11 | 48 | 24 | | 12 | 39 | 28 | | 13 | 46 | 31 | | 14 | 44 | 37 | | 15 | 41 | 26 | | 16 | 47 | 36 | Calculate the mean number of seconds for each condition to determine if swearing helps with pain tolerance. Consider reviewing the statistical significance of the data to draw more comprehensive conclusions.
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