250 F MSC 200 S = MC 150 100 50 D = MSB 2 4 8. 10 Quantity (tons of steel per week) Price and cost (dollars per ton of steel)

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
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Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions
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The graph represents the welfare economics concept of marginal social cost (MSC) and marginal private cost (MC) in relation to steel production.

### Axes:
- **Y-axis (Vertical):** Represents the price and cost in dollars per ton of steel, ranging from $0 to $250.
- **X-axis (Horizontal):** Represents the quantity of steel in tons produced per week, ranging from 0 to 10.

### Lines:
1. **MSC (Marginal Social Cost):** The upward-sloping line labeled "MSC" represents the additional cost to society of producing one more unit of steel. This includes both the private costs of production and any external costs such as environmental damage.

2. **S = MC (Supply = Marginal Private Cost):** The other upward-sloping line, labeled "S = MC," represents the private cost of producing an additional unit of steel, borne solely by the producers. 

3. **D = MSB (Demand = Marginal Social Benefit):** The downward-sloping line denotes the demand for steel, which equates to the marginal social benefit, indicating the benefit to society from consuming an additional unit of steel.

### Equilibrium Points:
- At approximately 4 tons of steel, the intersection of the "MSC" and "D = MSB" lines represents the socially optimal quantity where social costs and benefits are balanced.
- Around 6 tons, the intersection of the "S = MC" and "D = MSB" lines shows the market equilibrium without considering external costs, representing the quantity produced if only private costs are accounted for. 

### Implications:
The graph highlights the discrepancy between the socially optimal production level (4 tons) and the market equilibrium level when only private costs are considered (6 tons). This indicates potential overproduction of steel and the importance of considering externalities in production decisions to achieve societal welfare.
Transcribed Image Text:The graph represents the welfare economics concept of marginal social cost (MSC) and marginal private cost (MC) in relation to steel production. ### Axes: - **Y-axis (Vertical):** Represents the price and cost in dollars per ton of steel, ranging from $0 to $250. - **X-axis (Horizontal):** Represents the quantity of steel in tons produced per week, ranging from 0 to 10. ### Lines: 1. **MSC (Marginal Social Cost):** The upward-sloping line labeled "MSC" represents the additional cost to society of producing one more unit of steel. This includes both the private costs of production and any external costs such as environmental damage. 2. **S = MC (Supply = Marginal Private Cost):** The other upward-sloping line, labeled "S = MC," represents the private cost of producing an additional unit of steel, borne solely by the producers. 3. **D = MSB (Demand = Marginal Social Benefit):** The downward-sloping line denotes the demand for steel, which equates to the marginal social benefit, indicating the benefit to society from consuming an additional unit of steel. ### Equilibrium Points: - At approximately 4 tons of steel, the intersection of the "MSC" and "D = MSB" lines represents the socially optimal quantity where social costs and benefits are balanced. - Around 6 tons, the intersection of the "S = MC" and "D = MSB" lines shows the market equilibrium without considering external costs, representing the quantity produced if only private costs are accounted for. ### Implications: The graph highlights the discrepancy between the socially optimal production level (4 tons) and the market equilibrium level when only private costs are considered (6 tons). This indicates potential overproduction of steel and the importance of considering externalities in production decisions to achieve societal welfare.
26. Refer to the graph in question 24. If the market is competitive and unregulated, what is the size of the deadweight loss?

- $100
- $0
- $200
- $50 (selected)

(Note: There is no graph or diagram provided in the image for further explanation.)
Transcribed Image Text:26. Refer to the graph in question 24. If the market is competitive and unregulated, what is the size of the deadweight loss? - $100 - $0 - $200 - $50 (selected) (Note: There is no graph or diagram provided in the image for further explanation.)
Expert Solution
Step 1

In the given figure, social marginal cost of production SMC is more than the private marginal cost of production MC this indicates that the negative externality is present in the economy.

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