21. In aerobic respiration, chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by:A. Phosphate transfer through the plasma membrane.B. the sodium potassium pump.C. difference in proton (H *) concentration on the two sides of the innermitochondrial membrane.D. large quantities of ADP.22. Pyruvate oxidation in eukaryotic cells occurs in theA. nucleusB. mitochondriaC. plasma membraneD. cytoplasm23. What are the products of one turn of the Citric acid cycle?A. 1 CO2, 2 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATPB. 2 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATPC. 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATPD. 2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP24. It is thought that the oldest stage of cellular respiration from an evolutionaryperspective isA. the Citric acid cycle.B. the electron transport chain.C. fermentation.D. glycolysis.25.If the gene encoding the enzyme rubisco is mutated such that it is non-functional,the process that would be affected is the ability toA. harvest photons.B. fix carbon.C. make 02.D. make NADPH.26. In plants, the light-dependent reactions requireA. O2.B. NADP.C. glucose.D. Calvin cycle enzymes.

Chemiosmosis is related to the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's primary source of energy. In aerobic respiration, chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by: c. A difference in proton H+ concentration on the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The free energy liberated upon the reactions that takes place in the electron transport chain is used to drive hydrogen ions across the membrane through chemiosmosis, resulting in an electrochemical gradient. Oxidative phosphorylation is the way of making ATP in mitochondria by chemiosmosis. A proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane drives the chemiosmotic production of ATP.