20 3.5 6.5 13.5 5.5 10.5 3 3 8.5 18.5 8.3.21-E           Listed below are the lead concentrations in mu ​g/g measured in different traditional medicines. Use a 0.05   significance level to test the claim that the mean lead concentration for all such medicines is less than 12   mu ​g/g. Assume that the sample is a simple random sample.   20       3.5       6.5       13.5       5.5       10.5       3       3       8.5       18.5     Assuming all conditions for conducting a hypothesis test are​ met, what are the null and alternative​ hypotheses?     A. Upper H 0 ​: mu equals12   mu ​g/g Upper H 1 ​: mu not equals12   mu ​g/g   B. Upper H 0 ​: mu equals12   mu ​g/g Upper H 1 ​: mu less than12   mu ​g/g   C. Upper H 0 ​: mu equals12   mu ​g/g Upper H 1 ​: mu greater than12   mu ​g/g   D. Upper H 0 ​: mu greater than12   mu ​g/g Upper H 1 ​: mu less than12   mu ​g/g

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.