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2.40. WP A hygrometer, which measures the amount of moisture in a gas stream, is to be calibrated using the apparatus shown here: Air DRYER ROTAMETERS HYGROMETER Water EVAPORATOR Steam Steam and dry air are fed at known flow rates and mixed to form a gas stream with a known water content, and the hygrometer reading is recorded; the flow rate of either the water or the air is changed to produce a stream with a different water content and the new reading is recorded, and so on. The following data are taken: Mass Fraction of Water, y HygrometerReading, R 0.011 0.044 20 0.083 40 0.126 60 0.170 80 a. Draw a calibration curve and determine an equation for y(R). b. Suppose a sample of a stack gas is inserted in the sample chamber of the hygrometer and a reading of R = 43 is obtained. If the mass flow rate of the stack gas is 1200 kg/h, what is the mass flow rate of water vapor in the gas? Answer BIOENGINEERING 110111111 111111011 2.42. WP The temperature in a process unit is controlled by passing cooling water at a measured rate through a jacket that encloses the unit. Cooling water PROCESS UNIT ROTAMETER p(liters/s) T(°C) Jacket The exact relationship between the unit temperature T(°C) and the water flow rate o (L/s) is extremely complex, and it is desired to derive a simple empirical formula to approximate this relationship over a limited range of flow rates and temperatures. Data are taken for T versus ø. Plots of T versus ø on rectangular and semilog coordinates are distinctly curved (ruling out T = aø + b and T = aebó as possible empirical functions), but a log plot appears as follows: 300 T(°C) 200 100 10 100 p(L/s) A line drawn through the data goes through the points (ø1 = 25 L/s, T = 210°C) and (ø2 = 40 L/s, T, = 120°C). a. What is the empirical relationship between o and T? Answer b. Using your derived equation, estimate the cooling water flow rates needed to maintain the process unit temperature at 85°C, 175°C, and 290°C. c. In which of the three estimates in Part (b) would you have the most confidence and in which would you have the least confidence? Explain your reasoning.

2.40. WP A hygrometer, which measures the amount of moisture in a gas stream, is to be calibrated using the apparatus shown here: Air DRYER ROTAMETERS HYGROMETER Water EVAPORATOR Steam Steam and dry air are fed at known flow rates and mixed to form a gas stream with a known water content, and the hygrometer reading is recorded; the flow rate of either the water or the air is changed to produce a stream with a different water content and the new reading is recorded, and so on. The following data are taken: Mass Fraction of Water, y HygrometerReading, R 0.011 0.044 20 0.083 40 0.126 60 0.170 80 a. Draw a calibration curve and determine an equation for y(R). b. Suppose a sample of a stack gas is inserted in the sample chamber of the hygrometer and a reading of R = 43 is obtained. If the mass flow rate of the stack gas is 1200 kg/h, what is the mass flow rate of water vapor in the gas? Answer BIOENGINEERING 110111111 111111011 2.42. WP The temperature in a process unit is controlled by passing cooling water at a measured rate through a jacket that encloses the unit. Cooling water PROCESS UNIT ROTAMETER p(liters/s) T(°C) Jacket The exact relationship between the unit temperature T(°C) and the water flow rate o (L/s) is extremely complex, and it is desired to derive a simple empirical formula to approximate this relationship over a limited range of flow rates and temperatures. Data are taken for T versus ø. Plots of T versus ø on rectangular and semilog coordinates are distinctly curved (ruling out T = aø + b and T = aebó as possible empirical functions), but a log plot appears as follows: 300 T(°C) 200 100 10 100 p(L/s) A line drawn through the data goes through the points (ø1 = 25 L/s, T = 210°C) and (ø2 = 40 L/s, T, = 120°C). a. What is the empirical relationship between o and T? Answer b. Using your derived equation, estimate the cooling water flow rates needed to maintain the process unit temperature at 85°C, 175°C, and 290°C. c. In which of the three estimates in Part (b) would you have the most confidence and in which would you have the least confidence? Explain your reasoning.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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The problems that are listed below need to be solved and you may access those problems via viewing them through the attached images in this request. To emphasize more, the problems are 2.40; 2.42. 

2.40. WP A hygrometer, which measures the amount of moisture in a gas stream, is to be calibrated using the apparatus shown here: Air DRYER ROTAMETERS HYGROMETER Water EVAPORATOR Steam Steam and dry air are fed at known flow rates and mixed to form a gas stream with a known water content, and the hygrometer reading is recorded; the flow rate of either the water or the air is changed to produce a stream with a different water content and the new reading is recorded, and so on. The following data are taken: Mass Fraction of Water, y HygrometerReading, R 0.011 0.044 20 0.083 40 0.126 60 0.170 80 a. Draw a calibration curve and determine an equation for y(R). b. Suppose a sample of a stack gas is inserted in the sample chamber of the hygrometer and a reading of R = 43 is obtained. If the mass flow rate of the stack gas is 1200 kg/h, what is the mass flow rate of water vapor in the gas? Answer BIOENGINEERING 110111111 111111011
Transcribed Image Text:2.40. WP A hygrometer, which measures the amount of moisture in a gas stream, is to be calibrated using the apparatus shown here: Air DRYER ROTAMETERS HYGROMETER Water EVAPORATOR Steam Steam and dry air are fed at known flow rates and mixed to form a gas stream with a known water content, and the hygrometer reading is recorded; the flow rate of either the water or the air is changed to produce a stream with a different water content and the new reading is recorded, and so on. The following data are taken: Mass Fraction of Water, y HygrometerReading, R 0.011 0.044 20 0.083 40 0.126 60 0.170 80 a. Draw a calibration curve and determine an equation for y(R). b. Suppose a sample of a stack gas is inserted in the sample chamber of the hygrometer and a reading of R = 43 is obtained. If the mass flow rate of the stack gas is 1200 kg/h, what is the mass flow rate of water vapor in the gas? Answer BIOENGINEERING 110111111 111111011
2.42. WP The temperature in a process unit is controlled by passing cooling water at a measured rate through a jacket that encloses the unit. Cooling water PROCESS UNIT ROTAMETER p(liters/s) T(°C) Jacket The exact relationship between the unit temperature T(°C) and the water flow rate o (L/s) is extremely complex, and it is desired to derive a simple empirical formula to approximate this relationship over a limited range of flow rates and temperatures. Data are taken for T versus ø. Plots of T versus ø on rectangular and semilog coordinates are distinctly curved (ruling out T = aø + b and T = aebó as possible empirical functions), but a log plot appears as follows: 300 T(°C) 200 100 10 100 p(L/s) A line drawn through the data goes through the points (ø1 = 25 L/s, T = 210°C) and (ø2 = 40 L/s, T, = 120°C). a. What is the empirical relationship between o and T? Answer b. Using your derived equation, estimate the cooling water flow rates needed to maintain the process unit temperature at 85°C, 175°C, and 290°C. c. In which of the three estimates in Part (b) would you have the most confidence and in which would you have the least confidence? Explain your reasoning.
Transcribed Image Text:2.42. WP The temperature in a process unit is controlled by passing cooling water at a measured rate through a jacket that encloses the unit. Cooling water PROCESS UNIT ROTAMETER p(liters/s) T(°C) Jacket The exact relationship between the unit temperature T(°C) and the water flow rate o (L/s) is extremely complex, and it is desired to derive a simple empirical formula to approximate this relationship over a limited range of flow rates and temperatures. Data are taken for T versus ø. Plots of T versus ø on rectangular and semilog coordinates are distinctly curved (ruling out T = aø + b and T = aebó as possible empirical functions), but a log plot appears as follows: 300 T(°C) 200 100 10 100 p(L/s) A line drawn through the data goes through the points (ø1 = 25 L/s, T = 210°C) and (ø2 = 40 L/s, T, = 120°C). a. What is the empirical relationship between o and T? Answer b. Using your derived equation, estimate the cooling water flow rates needed to maintain the process unit temperature at 85°C, 175°C, and 290°C. c. In which of the three estimates in Part (b) would you have the most confidence and in which would you have the least confidence? Explain your reasoning.
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