1 Introduction To Chemistry 2 Atoms And Molecules 3 Molecules, Moles, And Chemical Equations 4 Stoichiometry 5 Gases 6 The Periodic Table And Atomic Structure 7 Chemical Bonding And Molecular Structure 8 Molecules And Materials 9 Energy And Chemistry 10 Entropy And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics 11 Chemical Kinetics 12 Chemical Equilibrium 13 Electrochemistry 14 Nuclear Chemistry Chapter2: Atoms And Molecules
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CO: Name at least three common polymers and give examples of their uses. Problem 2CO Problem 3CO: Describe the nuclear model for the atom and identify the numbers of protons, electrons, and neutrons... Problem 4CO Problem 5CO Problem 6CO Problem 7CO Problem 8CO Problem 9CO Problem 10CO Problem 2.1PAE Problem 2.2PAE: How do polymers compare to their respective monomers? Problem 2.3PAE: Look around you and identify several objects that you think are probably made from polymers. Problem 2.4PAE Problem 2.5PAE: The fact that a polymer’s physical properties depend on its atomic composition is very important in... Problem 2.6PAE: One application of conductive polymers is in photovoltaic solar cells. Such devices have... Problem 2.7PAE Problem 2.8PAE Problem 2.9PAE: Why is the number of protons called the atomic number? Problem 2.10PAE: 2.10 Which isotope in each pair contains more neutrons? (A) 35Cl or 33S, (b) 19F or 19Ne, (c) 63Cu... Problem 2.11PAE: 2.11 Define the term isotope. Problem 2.12PAE: 2.12 Write the complete atomic symbol for each of the following isotopes. (a) carbon-13, (b)... Problem 2.13PAE: 2.13 How many electrons, protons, and neutrons are there in each of the following atoms? (a) 24Mg,... Problem 2.14PAE: 2.14 Consider the following nuclear symbols. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does each... Problem 2.15PAE: 2.15 Mercury is 16.716 times more massive than 12C. What is the atomic weight of mercury? Remember... Problem 2.16PAE: The element gallium, used in gallium arsenide semiconductors, has an atomic weight of 69.72 amu.... Problem 2.17PAE: 2.17 The atomic weight of copper is 63.55 amu. There are only two isotopes of copper, 63Cu with a... Problem 2.18PAE: The following table presents the abundances and masses of the isotopes of zinc. What is the atomic... Problem 2.19PAE: 2.19 Naturally occurring uranium consists of two isotopes, whose masses and abundances are shown... Problem 2.20PAE Problem 2.21PAE Problem 2.22PAE: 2.22 Provide the symbol of the following monoatomic ions, given the number of protons and electrons... Problem 2.23PAE Problem 2.24PAE: 2.24 Identify each of the following species as an anion, a cation, or a molecule. (a) CO32 , (b)... Problem 2.25PAE: 2.25 Write the atomic symbol for the element whose ion has a 2-charge, has 20 more neutrons than... Problem 2.26PAE: 2.26 In what region of the periodic table are you likely to find elements that form more than one... Problem 2.27PAE Problem 2.28PAE Problem 2.29PAE Problem 2.30PAE: 2.30 Using Coulomb’s law, explain how the difference between attractive and repulsive interactions... Problem 2.31PAE Problem 2.32PAE: 2.32 Which of the following formulas contains the most hydrogen atoms? C2H6, (NH4)2CO3, H2SO4, or... Problem 2.33PAE Problem 2.34PAE Problem 2.35PAE Problem 2.36PAE: 2.36 Explain the difference between a molecular formula and an empirical formula. Problem 2.37PAE: 2.37 Why are empirical formulas preferred for describing polymer molecules? Problem 2.38PAE: 2.38 The molecular formula for the ethylene monomer is C2H4. What is its empirical formula? Problem 2.39PAE: 239 Polybutadiene is a synthetic elastomer, or rubber. The corresponding monomer is butadiene, which... Problem 2.40PAE: 2.40 What distinguished the work of Mendeleev that caused scientists to accept his concept of the... Problem 2.41PAE: 2.41 How does the periodic table help to make the study of chemistry more systematic? Problem 2.42PAE: 2.42 What is a period in the periodic table? From what does it derive its name? Problem 2.43PAE: 2.43 Name of the group to which each of the following elements belongs. Name the group to which each... Problem 2.44PAE Problem 2.45PAE Problem 2.46PAE: 2.46 Why are nonmetals important even though they account for only a very small fraction of the... Problem 2.47PAE Problem 2.48PAE: A materials engineer has filed for a patent for a new alloy to be used in golf club heads. The... Problem 2.49PAE Problem 2.50PAE: 2.50 A materials engineer wants to make a new material h taking pure silicon and replacing some... Problem 2.51PAE Problem 2.52PAE Problem 2.53PAE: 2.53 What is meant by the phrase organic chemistry? Problem 2.54PAE: 2.54 Based on what you have learned in this chapter, would you classify the chemistry of polymers as... Problem 2.55PAE: 2.55 What is a functional group? How does the concept of the functional group help to make the study... Problem 2.56PAE Problem 2.57PAE Problem 2.58PAE Problem 2.59PAE: 2.59 The accompanying figure shows the structure of gamma-aminoburanoic acid, or GABA. This molecule... Problem 2.60PAE Problem 2.61PAE: 2.61 Name the following covalent compounds: (a) N2O5, (b) S2Cl2, (c) NBr3, (d) P4O10 Problem 2.62PAE Problem 2.63PAE Problem 2.64PAE Problem 2.65PAE Problem 2.66PAE Problem 2.67PAE Problem 2.68PAE: 2.68 What is a free radical? How are free radicals important in the formation of polyethylene? Problem 2.69PAE Problem 2.70PAE: 2.70 Why do you think an inhibitor molecule is needed to induce the polymerization of ethylene? Problem 2.71PAE: 2.71 Use the web to determine the amount of low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene... Problem 2.72PAE: 2.72 How can an element have an atomic weight that is not an integer? Problem 2.73PAE: 2.73 Explain the concept of a “weighted” average in your own words. Problem 2.74PAE: 2.74 The accompanying table provides the identity of the two naturally occurring isotopes for four... Problem 2.75PAE: 2.75 Chlorine has only two isotopes, one with mass 35 and the other with mass 37. One is present at... Problem 2.76PAE Problem 2.77PAE Problem 2.78PAE Problem 2.79PAE Problem 2.80PAE: 2.80 Of the following elements, which two would you expect to exhibit the greatest similarity in... Problem 2.81PAE: 2.81 How do binary compounds with hydrogen illustrate the concept of periodicity? Problem 2.82PAE Problem 2.83PAE Problem 2.84PAE: 2.84 Early attempts to arrange the elements often focused on atomic weight. Mendeleev considered a... Problem 2.85PAE: 2.85 Describe how the saying “opposites attract” corresponds with the mathematical representation of... Problem 2.86PAE: 2.86 For some uses, the relative abundance of isotopes must be manipulated. For example, a medical... Problem 2.87PAE: 2.87 What is the heaviest element to have an atomic weight that is roughly twice its atomic number?... Problem 2.88PAE: 2.88 Describe how you can identify the isotope, X, in this puzzle. The nucleus contains one more... Problem 2.89PAE Problem 2.90PAE: 2.90 Naturally occurring europium has an average atomic weight of 151.964 amu. If the only isotopes... Problem 2.91PAE: 2.91 Strontium has four stable isotopes. Strontium—84 has a very low natural abundance, but 86Sr,... Problem 2.92PAE: 2.92 A candy manufacturer makes chocolate-covered cherries. Although all of the products look... Problem 2.93PAE Problem 2.94PAE: 2.94 Use a molecular level description to distinguish between LDPE and HDPE. Problem 2.95PAE: 2.95 Engineers who design bicycle frames are familiar with the densities of aluminium (2.699 g/cm3),... Problem 2.96PAE: 2.96 Use the web to look up the density of different forms of steel, such as stainless steel or... Problem 2.97PAE: 2.97 LDPE has a density in the range of 0.915—0.935 g/cm3, and HDPF has a density in the range of... Problem 2CO
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Concept explainers
2.4 Which one element forms the backbone of nearly all common polymers ? Which other elements are also found in
common household polymers?
Definition Definition Large and very high-molecular-weight substances that consist of hundreds to thousands of repeating units. Polymers are also known as macromolecules. Number-average-molecular weight is the measuring system for the polymers.
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