2.29. WP A seed crystal of diameter D (mm) is placed in a solution of dissolved salt, and new crystals are observed to nucleate (form) at a constant rate r (crystals/min). Experiments with seed crystals of different sizes show that the rate of nucleation varies with the seed crystal diameter as r(crystals/min) 200D – 10D² (Din mm) a. What are the units of the constants 200 and 10? (Assume the given equation is valid and therefore dimensionally homogeneous.) b. Calculate the crystal nucleation rate in crystals/s corresponding to a crystal diameter of o.050 inch. c. Derive a formula for r(crystals/s) in terms of D(inches). (See Example 2.6-1.) Check the formula using the result of Part (b). Exploratory Exercise-Research and Discover d. The given equation is empirical; that is, instead of being developed from first principles, it was obtained simply by fitting an equation to experimental data. In the experiment, seed crystals of known size were immersed in a well-mixed supersaturated solution. After a fixed run time, agitation was ceased and the crystals formed during the experiment were allowed to settle to the bottom of the apparatus, where they could be counted. Explain what it is about the equation that gives away its empirical nature. (Hint: Consider what the equation predicts as D continues to increase.) 2.30. WP The density of a fluid is given by the empirical equation p = 70.5 exp(8.27 × 10-7P) where p is density (lbm/ft³) and P is pressure (lbf/in²). a. What are the units of 70.5 and 8.27 × 10-7? b. Calculate the density in g/cm3 for a pressure of 9.00 × 10° N/m². Answer c. Derive a formula for p(g/cm³) as a function of P(N/m²). (See Example 2.6-1.) Check your result using the solution of Part (b). BIOENGINEERING 2.31. WP The volume of a microbial culture is observed to increase according to the formula V(cm³) = aebt where t is time in seconds. a. Calculate the expression for V(in°) in terms of t(h). b. Since both the exponential function and its argument must be dimensionless, what must be the units of a and b?

2.29. WP A seed crystal of diameter D (mm) is placed in a solution of dissolved salt, and new crystals are observed to nucleate (form) at a constant rate r (crystals/min). Experiments with seed crystals of different sizes show that the rate of nucleation varies with the seed crystal diameter as r(crystals/min) 200D – 10D² (Din mm) a. What are the units of the constants 200 and 10? (Assume the given equation is valid and therefore dimensionally homogeneous.) b. Calculate the crystal nucleation rate in crystals/s corresponding to a crystal diameter of o.050 inch. c. Derive a formula for r(crystals/s) in terms of D(inches). (See Example 2.6-1.) Check the formula using the result of Part (b). Exploratory Exercise-Research and Discover d. The given equation is empirical; that is, instead of being developed from first principles, it was obtained simply by fitting an equation to experimental data. In the experiment, seed crystals of known size were immersed in a well-mixed supersaturated solution. After a fixed run time, agitation was ceased and the crystals formed during the experiment were allowed to settle to the bottom of the apparatus, where they could be counted. Explain what it is about the equation that gives away its empirical nature. (Hint: Consider what the equation predicts as D continues to increase.) 2.30. WP The density of a fluid is given by the empirical equation p = 70.5 exp(8.27 × 10-7P) where p is density (lbm/ft³) and P is pressure (lbf/in²). a. What are the units of 70.5 and 8.27 × 10-7? b. Calculate the density in g/cm3 for a pressure of 9.00 × 10° N/m². Answer c. Derive a formula for p(g/cm³) as a function of P(N/m²). (See Example 2.6-1.) Check your result using the solution of Part (b). BIOENGINEERING 2.31. WP The volume of a microbial culture is observed to increase according to the formula V(cm³) = aebt where t is time in seconds. a. Calculate the expression for V(in°) in terms of t(h). b. Since both the exponential function and its argument must be dimensionless, what must be the units of a and b?

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781259696527

Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P

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The problem that is listed below need to be solved and you may access that problem via viewing them through the attached images in this request. **Question Number #2.30**

2.29. WP A seed crystal of diameter D (mm) is placed in a solution of dissolved salt, and new crystals are observed to nucleate
(form) at a constant rate r (crystals/min). Experiments with seed crystals of different sizes show that the rate of nucleation varies
with the seed crystal diameter as
r(crystals/min)
200D – 10D²
(Din mm)
a. What are the units of the constants 200 and 10? (Assume the given equation is valid and therefore dimensionally
homogeneous.)
b. Calculate the crystal nucleation rate in crystals/s corresponding to a crystal diameter of o.050 inch.
c. Derive a formula for r(crystals/s) in terms of D(inches). (See Example 2.6-1.) Check the formula using the result of Part (b).
Exploratory Exercise-Research and Discover
d. The given equation is empirical; that is, instead of being developed from first principles, it was obtained simply by fitting an
equation to experimental data. In the experiment, seed crystals of known size were immersed in a well-mixed supersaturated
solution. After a fixed run time, agitation was ceased and the crystals formed during the experiment were allowed to settle to
the bottom of the apparatus, where they could be counted. Explain what it is about the equation that gives away its empirical
nature. (Hint: Consider what the equation predicts as D continues to increase.)
2.30. WP The density of a fluid is given by the empirical equation
p = 70.5 exp(8.27 × 10-7P)
where p is density (lbm/ft³) and P is pressure (lbf/in²).
a. What are the units of 70.5 and 8.27 × 10-7?
b. Calculate the density in g/cm3 for a pressure of 9.00 × 10° N/m².
Answer
c. Derive a formula for p(g/cm³) as a function of P(N/m²). (See Example 2.6-1.) Check your result using the solution of Part (b).
BIOENGINEERING
2.31. WP The volume of a microbial culture is observed to increase according to the formula
V(cm³) = aebt
where t is time in seconds.
a. Calculate the expression for V(in°) in terms of t(h).
b. Since both the exponential function and its argument must be dimensionless, what must be the units of a and b?

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