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2. The duffy blood groups are another blood typing gene system. Dy-a allele is dominant to the Dy-o allele. Dy-a is absent from ancestral West African populations. Among African- Americans, Dy-a is found at low frequencies. Presumably the allele has entered the U.S. populations through iadmixiure with peoples of European ancestry. Emancipated U.S. slaves founded the West African country of Liberia in the late 1800s. You test a large sample of 10,000 Liberians descended from this founding population for their duffy genotypes and find the following results. Test this population to see if the duffy alleles are in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. If H-W can be rejected propose a hypothesis that would account for the deviation. Dy-o/Dy-o 9135 Dy-a/Dy-o 855 Dy-a/Dy-a 10

2. The duffy blood groups are another blood typing gene system. Dy-a allele is dominant to the Dy-o allele. Dy-a is absent from ancestral West African populations. Among African- Americans, Dy-a is found at low frequencies. Presumably the allele has entered the U.S. populations through iadmixiure with peoples of European ancestry. Emancipated U.S. slaves founded the West African country of Liberia in the late 1800s. You test a large sample of 10,000 Liberians descended from this founding population for their duffy genotypes and find the following results. Test this population to see if the duffy alleles are in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. If H-W can be rejected propose a hypothesis that would account for the deviation. Dy-o/Dy-o 9135 Dy-a/Dy-o 855 Dy-a/Dy-a 10

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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### Duffy Blood Groups and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium The Duffy blood groups represent a system of blood typing genes where the Dy-a allele is dominant over the Dy-o allele. Notably, the Dy-a allele is absent in ancestral West African populations. Among African-Americans, Dy-a is present at lower frequencies, likely introduced into U.S. populations through intermixing with people of European descent. In the late 1800s, emancipated U.S. slaves established the country of Liberia in West Africa. A genotypic analysis was conducted on a sample of 10,000 Liberians descended from these founders to explore their Duffy genotypes, yielding the following results: - Genotype Dy-o/Dy-o: 9,135 individuals - Genotype Dy-a/Dy-o: 855 individuals - Genotype Dy-a/Dy-a: 10 individuals To determine if the Duffy alleles conform to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, which would indicate no evolutionary influences such as selection, mutation, or migration affecting allele frequencies, an evaluation of these results is necessary. ### Statistical Analysis If the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium can be rejected for this population: **Proposed Hypothesis for Deviation:** 1. **Gene Flow:** There might be ongoing genetic exchange with outside populations carrying the Dy-a allele. 2. **Genetic Drift:** Random changes in allele frequencies might be influencing the equilibrium in this isolated population. 3. **Natural Selection:** Possible selective advantages or disadvantages associated with specific genotypes may cause deviations. 4. **Mutation:** New mutations affecting the Duffy blood group alleles could alter frequencies over time. Additional investigations and genetic analyses would be needed to confirm these hypotheses and develop a comprehensive understanding of the population genetics in Liberian descendants.
Transcribed Image Text:### Duffy Blood Groups and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium The Duffy blood groups represent a system of blood typing genes where the Dy-a allele is dominant over the Dy-o allele. Notably, the Dy-a allele is absent in ancestral West African populations. Among African-Americans, Dy-a is present at lower frequencies, likely introduced into U.S. populations through intermixing with people of European descent. In the late 1800s, emancipated U.S. slaves established the country of Liberia in West Africa. A genotypic analysis was conducted on a sample of 10,000 Liberians descended from these founders to explore their Duffy genotypes, yielding the following results: - Genotype Dy-o/Dy-o: 9,135 individuals - Genotype Dy-a/Dy-o: 855 individuals - Genotype Dy-a/Dy-a: 10 individuals To determine if the Duffy alleles conform to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, which would indicate no evolutionary influences such as selection, mutation, or migration affecting allele frequencies, an evaluation of these results is necessary. ### Statistical Analysis If the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium can be rejected for this population: **Proposed Hypothesis for Deviation:** 1. **Gene Flow:** There might be ongoing genetic exchange with outside populations carrying the Dy-a allele. 2. **Genetic Drift:** Random changes in allele frequencies might be influencing the equilibrium in this isolated population. 3. **Natural Selection:** Possible selective advantages or disadvantages associated with specific genotypes may cause deviations. 4. **Mutation:** New mutations affecting the Duffy blood group alleles could alter frequencies over time. Additional investigations and genetic analyses would be needed to confirm these hypotheses and develop a comprehensive understanding of the population genetics in Liberian descendants.
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